The Key to Successful Proposal Research

The Key to Successful Proposal Research Writing a proposal might be a tedious and complicated undertaking, especially if asking for a grant. Step-by-step instructions are observed in the Consortiums Job Aid. You literally have to choose whether your title is going to be a specialist or a consultant. Whispered Proposal Research Secrets You may even check out several reviews and decide on the business that most suits your requirements and very affordable budget. The one which you will need to write may be significantly more complex depending upon your subject of study. It's extremely important to read carefully essay services reviews, because you would like to prevent low high quality services. There are several services of writing research proposals and assignments that are found in the united kingdom, which assist you in writing the very best. To start with, you will need to choose a research region and the title of your research paper. The title addresses the major prob lem you're planning to investigate. A research proposal sample is extremely useful and handy in the majority of the essays especially where evidence needs to be given to prove one's point. Please be aware that the nature of a research proposal will differ based on your precise audience. A paradigm is a method of thinking which is based on a particular set of assumptions. A research paper is typically the very first step for students to acquire funding for their project, so it's critical to create a thoughtful and deep paper. In many instances, you need to compose a research paper proposal before you write your true paper. So far as the students are involved, writing a research paper is among the toughest and frustrating endeavor in their opinion. Research papers also have writing a proposal. If you're struggling finding good sources for your research paper when making your proposal, it is a great indication you should choose another topic. Try to remember, you're not setting out to conduct research to be able to prove a point. The purpose here is to put your project within the bigger whole of what's currently being explored, while demonstrating to your readers your work is original and advanced. Even more, it gives the evidence which you have not made your selection of topic randomly but you're genuinely interested in the topic and consulted various distinctive sources and studied about the principal difficulties or questions in the area of research. Basically, it's a synopsis of the paper. Moreover, writing research proposals and assignments are critical in the learning part. Occasionally a thesis can be formulated as a question that should be answered or a problem that must be resolved. Not just the topic but in addition the presentation of the essay is very important to the research to be prosperous. The Advantages of Proposal Research It should even have the ability to Portray The Aim and thus the ways that to attain It within the Proposal. Outcomes are a lot more valuable. Clearly recognize the critical sources you mean to use and explain how they are going to give rise to your analysis of the topic. Make certain you use a mixture of literature instead of only internet sources. You have to mention the sources utilised in APA referencing style. Bad attendance is going to be taken into consideration when determining overall module benefits.

Defense Of Singer s Shallow Pond Argument - 881 Words

In Defense of Singer’s Shallow Pond Argument Peter Singer is known in philosophy for many different writings, one of them being his â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality† which includes his shallow pond argument. Many philosophers have argued against his shallow pond argument and for it, for many different reasons. In Singer’s â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†, he describes how he believes everyone’s approach to global poverty should be. He starts by describing how people in many places in the world are dying from hunger, having no shelter or access to medical care. Other people have the ability to stop this from happening if they make the right decisions. He compares Britain’s use of money, using three times more for certain projects than they’ve used to give to the needy, which he says shows they care more about these projects than those lives. He then says that he’s going to argue why this is wrong, and how affluent countries should be using their money and why. First he says that dying from starvation or lack of food is bad, a premise we should all accept for one reason or another. His next point is that if we have the power to prevent something bad without sacrificing something of equal or greater value, then we have the moral obligation to do it. He compares this to a child drowning in a pond, you have the obligation to go and pull the child out of the pond and help them, your clothes will get wet and dirty, but this is insignificant compared to the child’s death. He then

Social Studies Essay Example For Students

Social Studies Essay Social studies is defined by the Board of Director of the National Council for the social studies as, the integrated study of the social sciences and humanities to promote civic competence. Within the school program, social studies provides coordinated, systematic study drawing upon such disciplines as anthropology, archeology, economics, geography, history, law, philosophy, political science, psychology, religion, and sociology, as well as appropriate content from the humanities, mathematics, and neutral sciences. The primary purpose of social studies is to help young people develop the ability to make informed and reasoned decisions for the public good as citizens of a culturally diverse, democratic society in an interdependent world. There are two main characteristics of social studies as a field of study. First is social studies promoting civic competence, the knowledge, skill, and attitudes of a student needed to assume the office of citizen in our democratic republic. The National Council for the Social Studies considers civic competence as a main goal for social studies. The NCSS says, students who learn these skills in social studies will help shape the future of a democratic society. The second characteristic of social studies is the social studies program, K-12, integrates knowledge, skills, and attitudes within and across disciplines. A third characteristic is one in which social studies programs help students construct a knowledge base and attitudes drawn from academic disciplines as specialized ways of viewing reality. This can be achieved with courses such as, history, geography, political science, sociology, and language arts, English and fine arts. Examples from each help students experience concepts reflectively and actively, through reading, thinking, discussing and writing. The fourth characteristic of the social studies program is the demonstration of the changing nature of knowledge, fostering entirely new and highly integrated approaches to resolving issues of significance to humanity. The social studies program should help students gain knowledge of how to know, how to apply what they know, and how to participate in building a future. A well designed social studies curriculum will help each student achieve a blend of personal academic, pluralist, and global views of the human condition with a personal perspective, academic perspective, pluralist perspective, and global perspective. A personal perspective will help to explore events and recurring issues, consider implication for self, family, and the while nation and world community. Students should be able to make choices for themselves and others. Students should learn how to construct an academic perspective through study and application of social studies learning experiences. Based on diversity, social studies students should construct a pluralist perspective. A global perspective includes knowledge, skills, and commitments needed to live wisely in a world that possesses limited resources. It involves viewing the world and the people with understanding and concern. A social studies student will be able to connect knowledge, skills, and values to civic action as they engage in social inquiry. Knowledge is constructed by learners as thy attempt to fit new information, experiences, feeling, and relationships. In social studies educators draw from a number of disciplines to construct circular experiences enabling students to actively relate new knowledge to their existing understanding. For students to be better thinkers and better decision makers, they must have contact with those accustomed to thinking with precision, refinement, and clarity. They should be encouraged to be critical. Skills promoted in an excellent social studies program includes, acquiring information and manipulation data, developing and presenting polices, arguments and stories, constructing new knowledge, and participating in groups. The social studies curriculum focused on how values are formed and how they influence human behavior rather than on building commitment to specific values. The emphasis is placed upon helping students weigh priorities in situations in which a conflict exists between or among values. With each position students will be able to improve the ways in which they deal with persistent issues and dilemmas and participate with others in making decisions about them. .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15 , .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15 .postImageUrl , .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15 , .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15:hover , .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15:visited , .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15:active { border:0!important; } .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15:active , .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15 .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4e7ab4523d027adb4641ec6b75dd7a15:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: I only wanted To lie with my hands turned up and be utterly empty EssayStudents who pose knowledge, skill, and values are prepared to take appropriate civic action as individuals or as members of groups devoted to civic improvements. The principles of teaching and learning document which must undergird all social studies programs include, social studies teaching and learning are powerful when they are meaningful, social studies teaching and learning are powerful when they are integrated, social studies teaching and learning are powerful when they are value based, they are powerful when they are challenging and they are powerful when they are active. The document also states additional requirements to support an excellent social studies program which lie beyond the control of the individual teacher. The purpose of the social studies standard is to serve as a frame work for K-12 social studies program, to serve as a guide for curriculum decision, and to provide examples of classroom practice to guide teachers in designing instruction to help students meet performance expectations. They provide criteria for making decisions as curriculum planners and teachers address issues, and how to access whether students and apply what they have learned. The social studies standards are presented as a set of ten thematically based curriculum standards, corresponding sets of performance expectations and illustrations of exemplary teaching and learning to foster students achievements of the standards at each school level. The ten standards for the social studies curriculums at every school level are, One culture; two time, continuity, and change; three people, places, and environments; four individual development and identities; fume individuals, gourd, and institutions; six power, authority, and governance; seven production, distribution, and consumption; eight science, technology, and society; nine global connections; and ten civic ideals and practices. The NCSS House of Delegates voted in November 1992 to approve the final version of the definition of social studies. NCSS recently issued position statements on curriculum, assessment, teacher education, and professional development. The purposes and goals of social studies are stated in NCSSs Essentials of the Social Studies, it identifies citizenship education as the primary purpose of K-12 social studies. It states that, effective social studies programs prepare young people to identify, understand, and work to solve problems. Assumptions about social studies as a school subject include social studies as diverse, all students should have access to the full richness of the social studies curriculum, teachers need adequate time and resources to teach social studies well at every grade level, and social studies teachers need to treat the social world realistically and address its controversial aspects. The vision of powerful social studies teaching and learning comes from the goals and purposes of social studies, the assumptions, and the available research and scholarships. Social studies teaching and learning is powerful when they are meaningful, integrative, value based, challenging and active, all of which are equally important. Powerful social studies teaching and learning is likely to become more common when assessment approaches at all levels focus on measuring progress toward social understanding and efficacy goals; teachers benefit and education receives support from administrators, parents, the local community, and government agencies; and the nation successfully meets ceratin currently recognizable challenges.

Signature Assesment free essay sample

Every time hear the words scholarly writing, think Of Aristotle and Socrates for some reason, These two famous men from the beginning of antiquity, have impacted our oils and minds with such great wisdom, such as education and medical teachings that one can only imagine and this imagination for me is what I will sent out to achieve and finally turn an imagination into a dream, which will then turn into scholarly writing and finally into reality. So, traveling through time from antiquity to reality is what I call a major road trip.I hope to achieve this skill of writing, and possess the qualities that I have learned from my first mentor to the turning of the tassel. I find myself forming an opinion already of what one must do to obtain a degree of higher education from NICE and it truly scares me. I feel that as I write this first assignment I will take the actionable goals, use the intermediate and immediate in a positive manner, use personal control, and demonstrate meaningful insig ht in the presentations of my activities with in each class. We will write a custom essay sample on Signature Assesment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The assignment is broken down into three parts, program resources and a personal success plan and finally a motivation touchstone, as started the masters program I had a variety of assignments to do and with all the resources I have collected throughout the first course. Have compiled a variety of the resources and shall use them throughout the courses to come. My Program Resources 1. Building the Vision- Activity resources- Library Roadrunner Search Discovery, Writing Center -Smart Thin king online 24/7 tutorial service 2.Taming the Time Management Beast- Attack Your Day! Before It Attacks You, by Woods, Mark (Woods,) Entire Time Management Workbook- will use this as a skill builder and plan to use the Mark Woods time course to help set my future goals. 3 Giving Credit Where Credit is Due-Northwestern Academic Integrity Tutorial Successful vs.. Unsuccessful paraphrases and () Basics Of PAP Style. This resource will be my Bible and my guiding strength and I can access this from the NICE website. . How to Find What You Need-http://library. Cue. Du/ http://win. V. Pap. Org/topics/index. Asps. I will find theses skill builders, resources and I plan to use this as my main topic first on every assignment by researching all the topics in the NICE library 5. Thinking critically-. ?I would like to us this skill every day in my life as well as the work I will do for UNC. Would like to use a thinking website to challenge my brain. I need thinking tips and using higher productivity as well as clarity of thought to write papers with integrity. . Preparing an Annotated bibliography-when will prepare an annotated bibliography, I will use the NICE library as well as all the skill builders plus proof readers. 7. Creating Actionable Goals related to obtaining your Graduate Degree- All the goals that I plan to use will be strong and hopefully attainable; I think that all the sites that Mark Woods ideology may benefit and feel with help from (my therapist)set my plan and work my plan in baby steps are better for me.References http://DXL. DOI. Org/Retrieved from http://www. Headscarves. Compact:// Woods, M. Attack your day before it attacks you Retrieved heath:// n Cue registration corduroy. Net) http://www. Canberra. Du. U/standstills/ writing/bibliography- http://www. Lib. Purdue. Du/content/tutorials-scientific-paper http:// www. Organizationally. Com www. Circumnavigating. Org http:/neurotransmitters. Com/resources http://. Www. Solicitation. Com http://www. timemanagementtraininghq. Mom My Personal Success plan I I Skill Skill Evaluation I Goals(alienate if these goals are immediate or intermediate goals) I I Skill Skill Evaluation I Goals(alienate if these goals are immediate or intermediate goals) I I Beginner Familiar I Master I Visualizing overall goals | 1 | 1 01 Intermediate goals-I have a hard visualizing any goal I attain. Fear of failure) I Understanding how can reach those goals at Northwestern | 1 II 01 Intermediate goals-I feel through solid guidance and outstanding support from my mentors, advisors and perseverance, I can achieve the degree that want and be proud of myself.

We Like it Fresh What Womens Magazine Editors Want

We Like it Fresh What Womens Magazine Editors Want Every month, without fail, I vow to give up writing for women’s magazines. It’s usually when an editor I’ve worked with (or worse, never worked with before) has asked for â€Å"fresh† ideas and I’ve racked my brain from here to eternity and come up empty. I hate the word â€Å"fresh.† Because the truth is, what my editors at women’s magazines want is not fresh. What they want is â€Å"evergreen† - another word I learned as a new writer that I’ve come to detest. How do you write a story that’s evergreen but fresh, and oh, has tips no one’s ever read before? Figure that out and the world of $2 per word markets suddenly opens up to you. Here’s how to make dull stories interesting, twist headlines to make cover lines that entice, and come up with ideas that make editors jump with joy. * Practice your copywriting skills: One of the best ways to take a stale, overdone idea and make it interesting is to think up a really clever headline. Copywriters know that they only have a few seconds to grab someone’s attention, so they spend hours crafting the perfect headline. This is exactly what you should be doing, too. Take your time coming up with a headline that will grab an editor’s attention immediately. Make her want to read your pitch and you have a sale. * Throw different and distinct ideas together: I like to come up with absolutely random subjects that, on the surface, have nothing to do with each other and brainstorm story ideas that use both. For instance, take friendship and confidence, two topics women’s magazines love and put them together to create â€Å"Are Your Rich Friends Wreaking Havoc on Your Self Esteem?† * Be specific and use numbers when possible: Women’s magazines have known for decades what the online world is only just discovering: People love lists. The longer, the better. Come up with 101 ways to do something, be something, know something, and you have a winner. Remember to make the list clever. The 101 ways to be happier idea just makes them sad because it’s been done 101 times. Be specific, too. If you’re talking about saving money, don’t say â€Å"How to Save Money.† Say, â€Å"How I Saved $1,389 in a Month.† * Appeal to an emotion: Many of us, when we first start writing for women’s magazines think about solving problems. That’s usually what all the books and guides advise, too, so you’re certainly not alone if you’ve gone down this path. The difficulty with this approach, however, is that there isn’t a problem you can think of that a woman’s magazine hasn’t already solved for its readers. So unless you can come up with a unique problem (or a unique solution), my suggestion is to be counterintuitive, personalize your approach, and appeal to a reader’s emotions. â€Å"How Asking for a Divorce Strengthened My Marriage,† is a good example. * Test the tips: Another great way to find unique women’s magazine stories (and to have a lot of fun researching them) is to take several theories that have been advocated The great thing about women’s magazines (other than that they pay well) is that they’re always hungry for writers who can bring new twists to old ideas. Do that and you’ll have steady clients for years to come. **

Overview of the 27th Amendment

Overview of the 27th Amendment Taking nearly 203 years and the efforts of a college student to finally win ratification, the 27th Amendment has one of the strangest histories of any amendment ever made to the U.S. Constitution. The 27th Amendment requires that any increases or decreases in the base salary paid to members of Congress may not take effect until the next term of office for the U.S. representatives begins. This means that another congressional general election must have been held before the pay raise or cut can take effect. The intent of the Amendment is to prevent Congress from granting itself immediate pay raises. The complete text of the 27th Amendment states: â€Å"No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of representatives shall have intervened.† Note that members of Congress are also legally eligible to receive the same annual cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) raise given to other federal employees. The 27th Amendment does not apply to these adjustments. The COLA raises take effect automatically on January 1 of each year unless Congress, through the passage of a joint resolution, votes to decline them - as it has done since 2009. While the 27th Amendment is the Constitution’s most recently adopted amendment, it is also one of the first ones proposed. History of the 27th Amendment As it is today, congressional pay was a hotly debated topic in 1787 during the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Benjamin Franklin opposed paying congress members any salary at all. Doing so, Franklin argued, would result in representatives seeking office only to further their â€Å"selfish pursuits.† However, a majority of delegates disagreed; pointing out that Franklin’s payless plan would result in a Congress made up only of wealthy people who could afford holding federal offices. Still, Franklin’s comments moved the delegates to look for a way to make sure people did not seek public office simply as a way to fatten their wallets.   The delegates recalled their hatred for a feature of the English government called â€Å"placemen.† Placemen were seated members of Parliament who were appointed by the King to simultaneously serve in highly-paid administrative offices similar to presidential cabinet secretaries simply to buy their favorable votes in Parliament. To prevent placemen in America, the Framers included the Incompatibility Clause of Article I, Section 6 of the Constitution. Called the â€Å"Cornerstone of the Constitution† by the Framers, the Incompatibility Clause states that â€Å"no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.† Fine, but to the question of how much members of Congress would be paid, the Constitution states only that their salaries should be as â€Å"ascertained by Law† - meaning Congress would set its own pay. To most of the American people and especially to James Madison, that sounded like a bad idea. Enter the Bill of Rights In 1789, Madison, largely to address the concerns of the Anti-Federalists, proposed the 12 - rather than 10 - amendments that would become the Bill of Rights when ratified in 1791. One of the two amendments not successfully ratified at the time would eventually become the 27th Amendment. While Madison did not want Congress to have the power to give itself raises, he also felt that giving the president a unilateral power to set congressional salaries would give the executive branch too much control over the legislative branch to be in the spirit of the system of â€Å"separation of powers† embodied throughout the Constitution.   Instead, Madison suggested that the proposed amendment require that a congressional election had to take place before any pay increase could take effect. That way, he argued, if the people felt the raise was too large, they could vote â€Å"the rascals† out of office when they ran for re-election. The Epic Ratification of the 27th Amendment On September 25, 1789, what would much later become the 27th Amendment was listed as the second of 12 amendments sent to the states for ratification. Fifteen months later, when 10 of the 12 amendments had been ratified to become the Bill of Rights, the future 27th Amendment was not among them. By the time the Bill of Rights was ratified in 1791, only six states had ratified the congressional pay amendment. However, when the First Congress passed the Amendment in 1789, lawmakers had not specified a time limit within which the Amendment had to be ratified by the states. By 1979 - 188 years later - only 10 of the 38 states required had ratified the 27th Amendment. Student to the Rescue Just as the 27th Amendment appeared destined to become little more than a footnote in history books, along came Gregory Watson, a sophomore student at the University of Texas in Austin. In 1982, Watson was assigned to write an essay on government processes. Taking an interest in constitutional amendments that had not been ratified; he wrote his essay on the congressional pay amendment. Watson argued that since Congress had not set a time limit in 1789, it not only could but should be ratified now. Unfortunately for Watson, but fortunately for the 27th Amendment, he was given a C on his paper. After his appeals to get the grade raised were rejected, Watson decided to take his appeal to the American people in a big way. Interviewed by NPR in 2017 Watson stated, â€Å"I thought right then and there, ‘I’m going to get that thing ratified.’† Watson started by sending letters to state and federal legislators, most of who just filed away. The one exception was U.S. Senator William Cohen who convinced his home state of Maine to ratify the amendment in 1983. Driven largely by the public’s dissatisfaction with the performance of Congress compared to its rapidly-rising salaries and benefits during the 1980s, the 27th Amendment ratification movement grew from a trickle to a flood. During 1985 alone, five more states ratified it, and when Michigan approved it on May 7, 1992, the required 38 states had followed suit. The 27th Amendment was officially certified as an article of the U.S. Constitution on May 20, 1992 - a staggering 202 years, 7 months, and 10 days after the First Congress had proposed it. Effects and Legacy of the 27th Amendment The long-belated ratification of an amendment preventing Congress from voting itself an immediate pay raise shocked members of Congress and baffled legal scholars who questioned whether a proposal written by James Madison could still become part of the Constitution nearly 203 years later. Over the years since its final ratification, the practical effect of the 27th Amendment has been minimal. Congress has voted to reject its annual automatic cost-of-living raise since 2009 and members know that proposing a general pay raise would be politically damaging.   In that sense alone, the 27th Amendment represents an important gauge of the people’s report card on Congress through the centuries. And what of our hero, college student Gregory Watson? In 2017, the University of Texas recognized his place in history by at last raising the grade on his 35-year-old essay from a C to an A.

Aristotle & Boethius Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aristotle & Boethius - Term Paper Example In this particular area, fear is one of the variables that are considered to result during the time or circumstance when an agent acts or fails to act because of strong feelings. Broadie put this more clearly when she explained the Aristotelian principle about how â€Å"fear might prevent the craftsman from functioning properly as a craftsman,† and that â€Å"it might hinder his dexterity or warp his judgment in some way; but if we know the situation we shall not assess his skill on the basis of that response† (81). Aristotle’s position is clear – an action driven by fear is excusable - but he put forward a fundamental condition: the perpetrator must not know the consequence of his action or that the outcome of his actions or inactions is unforeseen. This balance is what makes me agree with the philosopher’s point of view. There are instances when fear makes us irrational, clouding our judgments. Mistakes that are made in the process, hence, cannot be considered as guilt-ridden acts as long as it is not deliberate, voluntary and made by choice. Fear In Aristotle’s theory of moral responsibility, there are two specific exceptions that supposedly dilute or diminish a person’s guilt resulting from his actions: ignorance and compulsion. It is this last variable that covered fear. For example, when a person kills another, his action cannot immediately be considered wrongful when a strong emotion has driven him to commit such an act. Since we are talking about the morality of such action, it is, hence, imperative to examine the reasons behind the action. Otherwise, we brand all killings as murders. Aristotle, through his arguments regarding fear, allowed us not only to explain wrongful acts but determine their blameworthiness according to degrees. Morality is not a black and white affair; it is shaped by norms of the time and specific belief systems. During the philosopher’s time, for instance, war was permitted , whereas Christianity made us think it as morally unacceptable. The point is that there are many variables that must be included in the moral evaluation of an act. Factors like fear figure prominently in this discourse because they are valid and legitimate contributors to the way humans act. It compels us to act, making the process involuntary. If fear drove one to jump off a roof, for instance, killing another in the process, would we condemn him for taking another’s life? Emotional compulsions form part of the inherent characteristic of man as a rational and emotional being, and having them rejected defeats the very purpose of moral evaluation. According to Spain, â€Å"a person acting under compulsion is unable to exercise physical control over his or her bodily movement, in other words, is not free to act,† and that it â€Å"provides the basis for claims of exculpation contesting authorship-responsibility and, hence, indirectly, moral responsibility† (30). This explains how I can say that if I am overcome by an overwhelming fear; I will be incapacitated because it reduces my agential power to choose. Here, it is clear that my freedom is diminished and, hence, my moral responsibility as well. Indirect responsibility or partial excuse for actions is a very important factor why I agree with Aristotle. I think it agrees with the utilitarian approach to punishment as against those obsess on the action and not

Godfather movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Godfather movie - Essay Example this film to be preserved in its national archives and it was noted by the American Film Institute as the second greatest film produced by Hollywood after Citizen Kane. The story of the film is quite complex but there are several themes which run throughout the film with regard to the action and the dialogue. The importance of family has been noted as a central theme even though the film does glorify crime and violence to achieve certain ends. However, considering that the film is essentially a crime drama, it is difficult to object to that being a part of the action since that defines the genre of the film itself. Of course, crime related films had been made before The Godfather came to the scene but instead of glorifying them and eventually showing their downfall to send the message that crime does not pay, this film humanizes criminals. Undoubtedly, the characters are all involved in shady dealings and are certainly not upright citizens but the manner in which they are shown to have a deep psychology and how they take interest in their own families and their wellbeing gives them a human touch. This allows the viewers to empathize with the family which appears to be struggling to keep up with changing times. The crime business moves from the hands of one generation to the other and even though there is change, some things and certain values remain the same for the family. In fact, the value of the film and appreciation for the artistic values held within has been noted by quite a few critics. Universally, the film has received positive reviews and is often at or near the top of lists made of the greatest films of all times. Not only have other critics paid their respects to The Godfather, other films, television shows and even cartoons have taken inspiration from The Godfather with parodies, satires and even remakes of the story. This homage to the film crosses cultural and international barriers as even Bollywood has made films that pay homage to The

Thrilling horror Essay Example for Free

Thrilling horror Essay Frankenstein, with its fascinating literature and its thrilling horror has been split into two categories: good and evil. The whole book is a contrast of good and evil, something I believe Shelly has deliberately put into her book to make the reader begin to judge the characters and to show everyone that no living thing is pure evil and that no living thing is perfect either. Also, it shows how people are affected by nature and outside influences. As I read this thrilling book of terror and fright I began to wonder, what is a monster? Is it because of their grotesque appearance? If so, should we shun away from the disabled and ugly are they born wicked? Or do they have wickedness thrust down upon them? These are some of the types of questions that Mary Shelleys novel throws up. Nature vs. Nurture is a major theme in the novel and questions beliefs of the time. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (a natural philosopher during the time when Shelley wrote her book) argues that all things newly born into the world are born innocent. He believed that every man is born pure; it is the cruelty of man that makes them evil. This is related in Shelleys book, Frankenstein. It was a highly debated idea at the time. In Frankenstein, an example of this idea was that Victor was born innocent. This is shown when it says: I (Frankenstein) their (his parents) play toy, I was their idol and something better- their child, the innocent and helpless creature bestowed on them by heaven (Chapter I page 33). The words play toy and helpless creature are a parallel with the creature that Frankenstein creates as Shelley is trying to show you the verity of the monsters upbringing compared to Victors, as the monster also calls himself helpless and alone. This shows that although Victor and his creature are main contrasts with each other, they are bound to each other and most of their lives mirror each other as both were born innocent and helpless. For example, Victor was treated like a play toy which then plays a part in Victors Social development (him thinking that he can become god by creating life and the creature being his play toy) and thats what he then created. He created his child to be a play toy what goes around comes around Whilst reading this book the creature also gives an account where he is describing himself to the cottagers saying: up to this point my life has been withered to harmless . The word withered simulates the imagery of the monster being a fragile living being, instead of a monster which has been left to rot without sunshine. In this case the sunshine would represent a loving parent. The plant (THE MONSTER) without a loving parent would rot and die. This is a contrast and parallel between Frankenstein and the monster. The monster is shunned away, even from his birth, as he was left to wander the world without any loving parents or any one to guide him. This reflects Frankensteins own selfishness to abandon his son/ creation. This also could relate to the nature Vs nurture theory as the monster was created through science and is turned away by man and Frankenstein. The creature spends several months of his life in a squalid hovel. Shelley uses the words squalid hovel to describe the transformation from the city houses to where the monsters life began to where his life has led him. The setting reflects his own life as the people inside the cottage were born naturally and are living in a nice secure environment whereas he was born unnaturally so he must spend his life alone and in a squalid hovel. When the monster gazes at himself he is disgusted with himself. With him referring to himself as having a miserable deformity. This goes a lot deeper when the monster is shunned away from the cottagers. He becomes angry and vengeful, so from that moment I [the monster] ,declared everlasting war against the species, and more than all, against [Frankenstein] who had formed [him] and sent [him] forth to this insupportable misery. (Chapter 16, pg. 121) Shelley is giving the reader a message that the way people are treated would effect them later in their lives and the way they were brought up could effect the rest of humanity. During the time he observes the cottagers, a new character is introduced. This is deliberately done for effect to parallel the monsters lack of knowledge, as she is taught lessons in English by Felix De Lacey. Safie is an outsider (Shelley makes it seem as if she is an immigrant or alien) and there is a similarity with the monster, both are exiles, not accepted and needing to learn a new language to be accepted.

Reasons for Womens Suffrage Campaign :: essays research papers

In the years after 1870 there were many reasons for the development of the women’s suffrage movement. The main reasons were changes in the law. Some affecting directly affecting women, and some not, but they all added to the momentum of Women’s campaign for the vote. Before 1870 there were few bills passed to achieve much for the movement. One bill that was passed, which did not directly affect women in too many ways was one of the starting points of the campaign for the vote. This was the 1867 Reform Act. In 1832, the Great Reform Act was passed, this allowed most middle class men to vote, but not working class men. But, the 1867 Reform Act changed this. This Act lead to all men who had lived at the same address for 12 months to be able vote. This meant that many more working class men were able to vote in the General elections. After this Act, many women felt that if the majority of men, regardless of class, were able to vote, why should women not be able to vote as well. Later, in 1870 the first part of the Married Women’s Property Act was passed. Until this act was passed, when a woman married, any property she owned was legally transferred to her husband. Divorce laws heavily favored men, and a divorced wife could expect to lose any property she possessed before she married. The implications of these two Acts combined, was enough to start women questioning the reasons for them not being able to vote, it started the campaign of votes for women. In the second part of the Reform Act, in 1884, many more men were able to vote. This simply fueled the campaign even more. As even more men could vote, still no women could. Despite all this, women could still vote in some things. The 1869 and 1882 Municipal Council Acts allowed women to vote in council elections. Women could also vote in elections for School Boards from 1870, for Boards of Health from 1875 and in elections to the London County Council from 1889. The Local Government Acts of 1894 and 1899, which set up district and borough councils, also included women as voters. So, women were already allowed to vote in: council elections, school board elections, health board elections, county council elections and others. Why were they not able to votes in such things as General elections? Reasons for Women's Suffrage Campaign :: essays research papers In the years after 1870 there were many reasons for the development of the women’s suffrage movement. The main reasons were changes in the law. Some affecting directly affecting women, and some not, but they all added to the momentum of Women’s campaign for the vote. Before 1870 there were few bills passed to achieve much for the movement. One bill that was passed, which did not directly affect women in too many ways was one of the starting points of the campaign for the vote. This was the 1867 Reform Act. In 1832, the Great Reform Act was passed, this allowed most middle class men to vote, but not working class men. But, the 1867 Reform Act changed this. This Act lead to all men who had lived at the same address for 12 months to be able vote. This meant that many more working class men were able to vote in the General elections. After this Act, many women felt that if the majority of men, regardless of class, were able to vote, why should women not be able to vote as well. Later, in 1870 the first part of the Married Women’s Property Act was passed. Until this act was passed, when a woman married, any property she owned was legally transferred to her husband. Divorce laws heavily favored men, and a divorced wife could expect to lose any property she possessed before she married. The implications of these two Acts combined, was enough to start women questioning the reasons for them not being able to vote, it started the campaign of votes for women. In the second part of the Reform Act, in 1884, many more men were able to vote. This simply fueled the campaign even more. As even more men could vote, still no women could. Despite all this, women could still vote in some things. The 1869 and 1882 Municipal Council Acts allowed women to vote in council elections. Women could also vote in elections for School Boards from 1870, for Boards of Health from 1875 and in elections to the London County Council from 1889. The Local Government Acts of 1894 and 1899, which set up district and borough councils, also included women as voters. So, women were already allowed to vote in: council elections, school board elections, health board elections, county council elections and others. Why were they not able to votes in such things as General elections?

19th Amendment analysis

The 19th Amendment The nineteenth amendment was an enormous step in history. It gave women the right to vote. For many years, women had been fighting for this. This amendment drastically changed the lives of Americans and others. It all started in 1848. In this year, the Women’s Suffrage Movement was organized. Some of the key leaders of this movement were Elizabeth Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Susan Anthony. These three women, with the help of many others, were vital in swaying the public’s view on women’s right to vote and have a say in the nation.During the nineteenth century, women organized, petitioned, lectured, marched, rioted, and practiced civil disobedience in order to get freedom. The nineteenth amendment was first introduced in 1878 and was ratified on August 18, 1920. This means that many of the women who started this movement did not live to see it passed. By 1916, most of the major suffrage organizations were fighting for women’s rights. Even President Wilson, eventually, supported the amendment. After the passing of the amendment, women still fought for equality in all social, political, and economic areas.This movement changed the whole energy of America. The nineteenth amendment gave half the population of America the right to vote and the right to hold public offices. This meant women finally had a voice, it was not just men making all the decisions. This was huge to have women in public offices. Offices once made up entirely of men were being infiltrated with women. It changed the whole dynamic of the working life. Not only did it change America, but it also affected other nations.The United Nations started to examine the treatment of women. Eventually, the United Nations created the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women in 1979. The document required the countries that signed to end gender discrimination in their legal system To many, this amendment was one of the greatest and most monumental things to happen in history. Conversely, was it too successful? This act has given women a sense of right entitlement when it comes to things such as being in the army or holding high offices.It is not the job of women to defend our country. Men are our defenders. While some women deserve various jobs due to hard work, there are other jobs that should not be available to women. For instance, presidency should be limited to men. 1 Timothy 2:12 says â€Å"I do not permit a woman to teach or to exercise authority over a man; rather, she is to remain quiet. † According to the Bible, men are to have authority over women and women should not hold authority over men.The highest position of authority in America should only be given to men because they are to be the leaders, not women. Nowadays, women have a hard time submitting. They think that just because they now have rights they can take the position of men. This has greatly affected our society. Women are becomin g more independent and men are becoming lazier and are losing their leadership. It has caused families to split and the roles of husband and wife have been reversed in many relationships. However, this amendment has also been very good for society.Men no longer treat women like objects or lesser than themselves. Women are generally seen as equals. This is a Biblical idea. Adam and Eve were created equal in God’s image. Women should not be limited to basically being house servants. They are also human beings who have good insights and can help further a country or state. In the end, the nineteenth amendment has its pros and cons. But the fact that women were finally given equal rights to that of men was monumental. This amendment truly changed history.

Summary of “Little Things” by Raymond Carver

Raymond Carver’s short story entitled â€Å"Little Things† is a representation of internal situation in a house when a husband and a wife could not retrieve the love that once felt before. The author did not state the names of the characters but only used the words â€Å"she† and â€Å"he† to refer the names of the characters as husband and wife. This story is a situation that most families usually get into because of the separation and the child is the most affected in the whole scenario for he or she could not able to determine whether to go with his or her mother or with his or her father. The story begins when the man paced his own things for he decided to leave his family. the woman was happy as according to her that the man will leave but it was felt from her emotions that it is hard for her to accept the situation. After packing all the things in his suitcase, the man went to the living room to get the baby but the woman did not want the man to take the baby so she grabbed the baby into the man’s hand. The baby started to cry but the two did not mend the tears and shout of the baby. They did not let each other to get the baby so they grabbed each other’s hands. Related article: †On Compassion† summary Because the woman is much weaker than the man, the man obtained the baby. The woman could not accept it so she tried again but the decision went on as the story ended. Carver’s story is a detailed short story as it represents the signification of elements and images that exists within the whole narrative. It shows that he is capable of acquiring consequences that emerged in the home where men and women could not recognize their weaknesses and incapability that made them quit from being together. Reference Carver, R. (1988). Little Things. Tess Gallagher From Where I'm Calling From: The Selected Stories Atlantic Monthly Press, 1988.

Collapse of the Roman Empire Essays

Collapse of the Roman Empire Essays Collapse of the Roman Empire Essay Collapse of the Roman Empire Essay The Collapse of the Roman Empire: Military Aspects Modern historians explain the collapse of the western Roman empire in the fourth and fifth centuries in one of two ways. One group follows an institutional approach, which finds the reasons in the long-term and looks closely at internal structures. A second group has adopted a political approach and looks at short term causes of collapse. The long-term approach is the more traditional of the two. This argument suggests that Diocletian (284-305) and Constantine I (305-337) sowed the seeds of collapse. These emperors split the army into border and mobile components. The border troops became soldier-farmers and declined rapidly in efficiency, though they were still paid. Diocletian and Constantine also allowed many barbarians into the army, which had the result of decreasing its fighting efficiency. These historians argue that the weakness of the border troops meant that emperors needed more mobile troops, so they expanded the army. This in turn increased the number of recruits needed, while a simultaneous reluctance of landowners to lose scarce workers led to the recruitment of the militarily inferior barbarians. External problems exacerbated the internal crises of the empire. The small barbarian tribes who had opposed the early empire now banded together to form more powerful confederations such as Goths, Franks and Alamanni. However, some historians are doubtful about the increased power of these groups. Vigorous emperors like Diocletian, Constantine, Constantius II (337-361) and Valentinian I (364-375) kept the barbarians beyond the borders. Then the Huns arrived and drove the Goths into the Empire, defeating the army of Valens (364-378) at Adrianople in 378.

Peculiarities of Writing in the Humanities

Peculiarities of Writing in the Humanities Peculiarities of Writing in the Humanities Writing in the humanities can be challenging because of the diversity and vastness of the discipline. Humanities covers human culture, which is rather hard to pin down. It covers anthropology, history, languages, laws, politics, literature, performing arts, philosophy, religion, and much more. Despite the extensive nature of this discipline, there are several essentials that you should keep in mind while writing papers about humanities subjects: Having focus. Since the humanities is a wide discipline, drawing attention to specifics is key. Say if your topic is â€Å"life as a working poet† it would be good to make it more narrow. It could be something like, â€Å"Working as a poet in Seattle in the 1980s.† The humanities is about digging deep into human nature and behavior, and decoding it for your readers. If you take only a surface look at a certain phenomenon, you aren’t doing your job. The format. Commonly, humanities papers run in this sequence: thesis, evidence/counter evidence, conclusion. The thesis is made in the introduction, and is usually a statement of one or two sentences that is the foundation of our paper. In the evidence/counter evidence section, you must present the appropriate research you have found on a certain phenomenon and make sure that the evidence backs up the claim in the thesis. In the conclusion, not only do you summarize your main points, but you also synthesize those findings and derive something important for your readers to think about from it. Though most academic papers require proper documentation of ideas and quotations, in the humanities, it is essential to building a proper argument based on your thesis and for your claims to be viable in the eyes of readers. Textual evidence, from books, journals, and so on, are more likely to be featured in humanities papers. Also, making footnotes is quite common in humanities papers, and you should be aware of how to use them and how to correctly format them. Okay, it is still an academic paper, but a paper based in the humanities can appeal to both logic and emotions. Writers try to capture the imagination of readers through their writing, and not just write dry text to impress textbook writers. The phrasing of the writing is key to appealing to readers. In the humanities, academic papers should be enticing and engaging to read, rather than a simple report. The emotions expressed should not explicit, but rather implied, however. Having a balanced discussion. Humanities papers should not lean towards one side too strongly. They are not persuasive essays. They try to report on the truth of a matter in a comprehensive, holistic way that is focused. If your essay becomes too preachy, know that something is wrong. Present both sides of the issue youre examining, from a neutral point of you. Give sufficient evidence for both spectrums of your topic. Writing a paper in the humanities can be a real trip sometimes. However, if you follow and integrate the above points in your writing practice, writing humanities papers can be a lot easier.

Role of Federal Reserve System in Overcoming the Financial Crisis of Essay

Role of Federal Reserve System in Overcoming the Financial Crisis of 2008 - Essay Example It also affected the trade position in services. That time fed increased the interest rate to overcome the persistent level of inflation. So that time economy was going slow down due to FED’s tightening monetary policy. Role of FED in the Last 4 Years In the last four years FED play a vital role in the economic indicators of USA economy. In 2009 first time in the history FED maintain the discount rate on .25 that was in 2008 so there arise no change. As well as it remained same in last 4 years from 2009 to 2012 in US. FED uses this strategy to control the supply of money that influences the inflation and interest rate on the economy. In 2009 the credit card act is announced FED that means a company cannot change the rate on the existing balance of a person.FED also improving the reserve requirement every year that is helpful to control the inflation but it is also slowed the growth of economy. The reserve requirement was about 67 billion in 2009, 74 billion in 2010, and 100 bi llion in 2011 that is reached on 104.45 billion in 2012 according to Federal Reserve of US. Due to highest and severe financial issue of US debt that aroused in May 2011 and increased than 14$ trillions, FED decided to depreciate the US dollar in the economy. This financial problem came due to high government expenditures of US and less tax revenue. Money supply in US (M0) that includes coins and notes as well as asset those are easily convertible in money also showed upward trend from 2009 to 2012. Like it increased from 1700000 USD millions to 2643310 USD million in 2012. Bank lending rate that is set by FED is constant from 2009 to 2012 that is 3.25%. FED’s Tool in Gaining Macroeconomic Objectives Open Market Operations Fed...This paper offers a comprehensive review of Federal Reserve System policies, both traditional and non-traditional, which were maintained in an attempt to successfully overcome the ramifications of the world financial crisis. The effectiveness of FED a ctions is proved by the dynamics of basic macroeconomic indicators during the period from 2008 to 2012. FED maintains millions of accounts as well as performing a role in settling and clearing different financial institution payments through intermediaries. FED play a vital role in providing the facility of financial services to depository institutions like distributing currency and coins, transfer funds and securities through clearing house system and collecting checks. FED playing different functions for boosting the USA economy, those are FED working as a central bank for U.S., address about the financial severe problems, regulates and instruct the other banking systems, controls monetary policy through manage the money supply in the economy, provides the financial facilities to other financial institutions, US government to strengthen the economy of US, provides the major facility of exchange of payments in the different regions. It also play a role in maximizing employment, stability of price level as well as long term moderate interest rate in the economy. Open market operations in which selling and purchasing of government securities occurs by the FED. These operations are in the control on the FOMC. During the years of the crisis, it was not possible to provide additional monetary stimulus only by utilizing traditional tools of monetary policy. To avoid this crisis, the Fed decided to utilize nontraditional policies in order to provide extra monetary policy stimulus.

Managing Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing Change - Essay Example es on timely delivery of the goods assigned to it, raised satisfaction of the clients and the process depends on the quickness of the staffs and machinery associated. Staffs of the company undertakes major roles in various segments entailing the roads , taxi truck, sea freight, air express, transit store, customs and air VIP. The restructuring mainly focuses on the organization of the staffs and realignment of the machineries applied in working of the Express-Link system. The design of the current and appropriate interventions aimed at moving the firm from the current state to the future prospected level thus by tackling its limitations and moving on forward. The action plan also addresses the essence of the internal politics, leadership in execution of the changes and culture in the organization by further elaborating on the account type, depth and range of the change entailed program. The action plan also considers the recommendations regarding how the prospected change should be i nstitutionalized by considering features of the firm. The clear and vivid development of the parts and portions of the action plan is aimed at presenting coherent, well supported and logically structured model. The output action plan is a contributed process with agents of change ready to work on the tasks that conform to the roles of the external change agents and inclination on evaluating the different approaches to the team members on every intervention, implementation and institutionalization stages (Jones, Jimmieson, & Griffiths, 2005). The Organizational Development interventions must be adopted by the Express-Link. The essence of the planned change interventions which extensively reveal a sets if structured activities that selected organizational units or even the target groups undertake task and even sequence of certain critical tasks with aimed goals having organizational improvement and other distinct individual tasks. The actual interventions are aimed at moving the

Healthy Grief Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthy Grief - Assignment Example In this article, we shall compare and contrast Kubler-Ross’s grief model to the Book of Job which will make us realize how Job is an example of healthy grieving and how the process of coping with grief has been same since centuries. In addition, we shall get to compare the process of coping with grief in two different religions – Christianity and Buddhism – which will teach us that gaining knowledge of a patient’s religious beliefs is relevant for health care provider so as to ensure good service and support to the dying patient and his family. Moreover, in the later paragraphs we shall discover the relationship and interaction between joy and the grief models which will make us realize the fact that joy and grief are not separate rather they are a part of each other. After doing the above researches, I have realized that by developing an understanding of the grieving and coping processes every health care provider can provide comfort and support to the gr ieving family in a better way and also come out of his/her personal grief very swiftly. Grief has been referred to as the comprehensive response to death and losses of all kinds, and includes emotional, psychological, social, as well as physical reactions. Numerous models and theories have been evolved by theorists that explain the process and stages involved in grief. In 1969, a psychiatrist Kubler- Ross had devised a grief model to provide a mean for understanding and coping with dying. The model has five stages: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance. According to Ross, these five stages are part of the framework that makes up our learning to live with the one we lost. Her theory on stages of grief established the ground for scholars and others who work with grieving people to examine and to work therapeutically with those who mourn. This theory is formed in a sequential and linear order where one stage swiftly moves into the next stage so that in a healthy grief a person should move from shock and denial to acceptance within a timeframe. However, she added that one may not necessarily go through all the stages or in the prescribed order. The model’s primary motive is to provide knowledge about a grief situation, thereby preparing us to cope with life and loss (Kubler-Ross & Kessler, n.d). Comparison of Kubler-Ross’s Grief model to the Book of Job In the Book of Job, the concise prologue starting the story and the concise epilogue finishing it narrates an extended series of dialogues and monologues describing the nature of and reason for suffering within the book. Most of the five stages of grief described by Kubler-Ross can be seen clearly inside this bible text. The Book of Job is the story of a faithful follower of God, Job who suffers innumerable losses one after the other. First, his wealth is looted by marauding bandits, which is followed by the tragic demise of all his children, all happening on the same day. Soon to add t o his woes, Job is badly affected with horrible boils all over his body (Book of Job 4:14-20). So much loss simultaneously would make survival difficult for any person. According to Dr. Kubler’s grief model, in the first stage, a person should be in shock and enter into some form of denial (Kubler-Ross & Kessler, n.d). However, Job in the biblical text is neither shocked nor does he enters into the denial stage which is in contrast to the grief model. After such losses, perhaps Job was in shock but he resolute by telling

Economic Factors Leading To Increased Crime Rate Economics Essay

Economic Factors Leading To Increased Crime Rate Economics Essay 1-Introduction Economic prosperity serves as a backbone for the overall progress of a nation. One thing is common in all developed nations- they are economically sound. When citizens of a country are freed from the worries of earning a livelihood to sustain their lives, they divert their attention to more useful things. They focus on education, improvise healthcare, develop technologies that make life easy and much more. Poor economic condition is the root cause of so many problems that exist in a society. The Beckers paper opened the door to a new field of empirical research whose main purpose was to verify and study the socioeconomic variables that affect crime. The economics of crime interacts with different and heterogeneous fields, i.e. (Sociology, Criminology, Psychology, Geography and Demography) and it is closely related to poverty, social exclusion, wage and income inequality, cultural and family background, level of education and other economic and socio-demographic factors that may affect an individuals propensity to commit crime such as age, gender and urbanization.  [1]   Crime is an activity which is against the law and the fact that the linkage between criminal activities and the socio-economic development of the society is undeniable. Crimes are associated with economic downturns and it is believed that crimes generally tend to rise during recessions and when economy is not performing well. As we know unemployment increases dramatically during bad economy which can lead to more cases of depression and increased number of crimes. The most obvious cases are drugs and alcohol. People suffering from depression often turn to drugs for refuge. Increase in drug taking leads to more drug related crimes. Drug dealing will become higher if demand is higher and when people do not have much to buy the drugs they will commit theft for money. It is also more likely that people will commit crimes, such as those involving violence, if they are intoxicated by drugs or alcohol. On the other side economic development are also dependent upon reduction in crimes. Keepi ng crime rates low now is the best guarantee that cities across the country will be able to exploit the inevitable economic recovery when it comes.  [2]   A recession leads to more debt. If people spiral into debt they are liable to become more desperate. This particularly increases crimes such as theft. People are more likely to steal so they can pay off their debts. They may also turn to other illegal ways to make money if they feel that there are no legitimate ways of earning. Violence is another area that can increase during a recession. People are more liable to get angry when times are tough, and therefore are more likely to turn violent. People may be angry with their employer who has made them redundant, or the government because they dont feel that they are being helped sufficiently, meaning they are generally more disgruntled with the world. People may also become more hostile towards each other. In particular those who are struggling may be angry towards those who are not. There has been a recent example of this in Ireland, where there were instances of violence towards some Romanian immigrants. The reason for this was attributed to some being angry that the immigrants had taken their jobs, although they were jobs local people hadnt applied for at the time of the vacancies.Family break ups are sometimes more likely to occur during a recession. Debt can cause stress within the family and lead to marriages breaking up. The breakup of parents can have an effect on children. They also show these children are 70% more likely to finish school without any qualifications. This is significant as a high percentage of crime is shown to be committed by those with a poor education.  [3]   There has not been undertaken a systematic comprehensive study for Pakistan on the above mentioned issue. Several explanations have been provided on crime in the literature but none of these provide a sound analysis of linkage between urbanization and crime. Therefore, there is dire need to fill this gap in the literature by conducting an empirical investigation on the relationship between crime and urbanization. This provides the motivation for the underlying study. More specifically, the objective of this study is to find the relationship between crimes and urbanization and some other macroeconomic factors such as unemployment, and inflation. The question is what will be the impact on crimes when large numbers of people settle down in a single city? Using time series data for Pakistan the study covers the period of 2007-2011. The results indicate that there is a positive association between urbanization and crime in Pakistan. Moreover, unemployment, inflation, and income inequality are also important determinants of crimes. Education, on the other hand, is found to have a negative effect on criminal activities. Rest of the study proceeds as follows; Section II briefly reviews the related literature on crimes and their determinants. Section III discusses the theoretical model and the econometric methodology used in the study. Detail of variables, results and interpretations are presented in Section IV. Section V concludes the study. 3-Economy of Pakistan. Economic prosperity serves as a backbone for the overall progress of a nation. One thing is common in all developed nations- they are economically sound. When citizens of a country are freed from the worries of earning a livelihood to sustain their lives, they divert their attention to more useful things. They focus on education, improvise healthcare, develop technologies that make life easy and much more. Poor economic condition is the root cause of so many problems that exist in a society. 3.1- GDP Growth. In the context of Pakistan, owing to the fact that it is a developing nation, there is no wonder that it is surrounding with a number of social and economical problems. The real issue is not the presence of these problems in society because, as stated earlier, there is no concept of an ideal society in the world. Every country in the world has its own set of socio-economic problems. The main issue is the extent and intensity of the socio-economic problems of Pakistan which have soared to alarming levels. Today, Pakistans economy remains somewhat backwards. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Pakistan expanded 2.39 percent in the second quarter of 2011 over the previous quarter.  [4]   3.2 Inflation The inflation rate in Pakistan was last reported at 10.2 percent in November of 2011. From 2003 until 2010, the average inflation rate in Pakistan was 10.15 percent reaching an historical high of 25.33  [5]  percent in August of 2008 and a record low of 1.41 percent in July of 2003. Inflation rate refers to a general rise in prices measured against a standard level of purchasing power. The most well known measures of Inflation are the CPI which measures consumer prices, and the GDP deflator, which measures inflation in the whole of the domestic economy. 4 Crimes in Pakistan Crime Statistics of Pakistan shows that there is a rapid increase in the number of crime reported over time like other countries of the world. It may be because of high unemployment, rising poverty, increasing inflation and urbanization.  [6]  .Despite the efforts and measures taken by the government and tall claims of law enforcement agencies for busting gangs, the crime rate in the country is increasing day by day and the crime rate is said to be touching 20.1 percent during the last one year in all over the country. the graph of vehicle theft and snatching, mobile phones snatching , fatal incidents and general crimes is on rise while police and other law enforcers are raising pleasant slogans and making non-stop claims for busting criminal gangs and rounding up individuals indulging in vehicle snatching and other crimes. If crime was a rational response to income inequality, the thinking went; government can best fight it through social services and wealth redistribution, not through arrests and incarceration.  [7]   According to data collected by online from National Police Bureau (NPB) shows that there are 59189 proclaimed offenders involved in major crimes while police has succeeded to arrest 70948 POs during year 2008 but still 59000 are operating. Amazingly, the numbers also increased from 58615 in 2008 to 59189 in 2009. According to the data, Punjab is still on top position with record number of 25991 proclaimed offenses while Sind is on second with 18373 offenders, NWFP 9514, Baluchistan 2659, Federal Capital 1777, Northern areas 446 and AJK have 429 proclaimed offenders.  [8]   4.1. Economic Factors leading to increased crime rate in Pakistan. 4.11 Poverty Lack of basic necessities is called Poverty. The people all over the world are facing serious problems of poverty. The results show that poverty also causes crime. The poor have limited income and resources to satisfy their desires and wants. In Pakistan the poverty statistics show dismal picture besides increasing income inequality. The low income means low saving potential which results in low standard of living. The low income in relation to increase prices (inflation) has crime instigating effect by reducing individuals moral threshold. Therefore, it can be concluded that people in poverty are induced to commit crime. The results of Granger causality through Toda-Yamamoto procedure affirm that poverty causes crime.  [9]   A great percentage of people in world are below the average line of poverty and such condition leads to begin cultural crime such as Suicide, Murder ETC. Almost 70% population of Pakistan live in villages. Most of them dont have access to sufficient basic needs of life. They are struggling for bread and butter. A large chunk of population lives below poverty line. They live in miserable conditions. Lack of proper food, clothing and shelter, poor sanitation, unsafe and sometimes dirty drinking water are just some of their many problems. Poverty itself gives rise to various other social problems. It deprives children of poor people to access education and healthcare. We read crime stories in newspapers that are characterized by lower orders of society who adopt illegal channels to get the financial prosperity which they cannot achieve otherwise. 4.12 Illiteracy. The illiteracy rate all over the world is increasing and the prime reason beside it is the high cost of education and lack of institutions and access. People due to lack of resources are unable to educate their childrens and so chain is developed with ever increasing illiteracy.In Pakistan Illiteracy is yet another problem. The literacy rate lingers on 56%. Over the decades, despite decreasing, illiteracy rate in Pakistan has shown an upward trend. Not only that but enrollment ratio of students at primary level has shown a decreasing trend. The facts that 50 percent of children do not complete their primary education testify this fact. Despite spending millions on it, government has failed to achieve literacy rates comparable to other countries in South Asia. 4.13- Corruption Corruption is the prime reason behind the economical unstableness. Corruption has spread into the world and has ruined the economy. Just as a weed spread in the field and affect the yield of the crop. Corruption is the mother of other problem such as unemployment which will be discussed later. According to latest report of Transparency International, Pakistans Corruption Perceptions Index declined to 2.3 in 2010 against 2.4 in 2009, and out of 178 countries, its ranking as most corrupt country jumped from 42 in 2009 to 34 in 2010.  [10]  Ã‚   Corruption in government departments is so much deep-rooted that a common concept prevails that the system doesnt let honest people to work peacefully. There is a lack of responsibility due to which wealthy people and those in power are sure that they cant be held responsible for their deeds. So they keep on looting the national treasures and find ways to legalize their black-money. Many corrupt people dont even bother to do that. 4.14- Unemployment Unemployment is a major social problem caused by poor economical system. Whole world is facing serious problems of unemployment and the reason behind it is the unstable economy. Lack of funds followed by unorganized system and lack of new projects are causing unemployment worldwide. Therefore the serving of deserving people is not used, causing loss to both country and the person. The results of the data analysis reveal that unemployment in Pakistan Granger causes crime. The reason is that unemployment rate in a country is a complementary indicator of income opportunities in the legal labour market. Therefore, when, unemployment rate increases the opportunities for earning income decreases which instigate the individuals to commit crime. The costs of committing crime go down for unemployed workers. The results of causality support this proposition that unemployment causes crime.  [11]   In Pakistan major portion of population consists of youth and a large number of young people who have the ability and are willing to work are unemployed. Currently rate of unemployment as per official resources is 7.4% but according to some private estimates the rate of unemployment is 12%.  [12]  There are many reasons of unemployment like influx of machinery that has replaced manpower, lack of new industries and defective education system. But the impacts of unemployment are more serious and dangerous. People who dont find work here migrate to other countries with better prospects. Also, people tired of making both ends meet due to unemployment indulge in evil activities and ratio of crimes increase. 4.15- Health Problem Health is another social problem caused by poor economical conditions. The cost of living is ever increasing and shortage of funds is a usual problem worldwide. There are less hospitals and medical centers and if there are any, the people are unable to afford their and their children health expenses so the health problems grow unchecked. 4.16- War on Terrorism War against terrorism is another very important reason behind the economical problem. War benefits none, someone is hurt badly and someone is destroyed completely. War is affecting the worlds economy and is causing problems like shortage of fuel, lack of funds, increase in health problem etc. When we talk about Pakistan, Due to war on terror, local people of war-ridden areas are migrating to other areas of Pakistan. Country has seen the largest migration since independence in 1947. These people have left their homes, businesses, possessions and property back home. This large influx of people and their rehabilitation is an economic burden for Pakistan. Unemployment is already common and now the question of providing employment to these migrants has also become a serious concern. This portion of population is contributing nothing worthwhile to the national income yet they have to be benefited from it. This unproductive lot of people is a growing economic problem of Pakistan. 4.17 Lack of tourism Lack of tourism is also a cause of the declining in economy. Northern areas of Pakistan have been a place of great tourist attraction. The beautiful hills, the lush green valleys, shimmering lakes and flowing waterfalls brought many a tourist from all over the world to Pakistan. This contributed to foreign exchange. Tourism Industry was one of the booming industries of Pakistan. Besides attracting foreign exchange, it also provided employment to local people. Also, tourist industry was a source of friendly relations with other countries. If the tourists are to come here in large numbers next year and feel comfortable, then streets should be cleared of the crimes now called street crimes. It is one thing to snatch mobile phones by the dozen everyday and quite another to relieve women of their jewelry. And there are bank robberies and snatching of money as the customers come out with that from banks. What is worse is resistance to such crimes which is fatal in too many cases.  [13]   Nevertheless, war on terrorism has served as a serious blow to the tourism industry of Pakistan. Local as well as foreign media has projected Pakistan as a dangerous and unsafe country. Its poor law and order situation has alarmed the tourist and thus Northern areas no more receive many tourists. 4.18 Loss in Business The poor economical system affects the business very badly. People all over the world are facing serious losses in business. In Pakistan sugar, cement and shoe industry is on its downfall while textile industry is breathing its last. Foreign investors are not ready to setup their businesses in Pakistan. They have their own set of problems which include painful and lengthy procedure of getting licenses and work permits in Pakistan, power crises, terrorism and declining exports. Multinational Companies are unwilling to open their offices and franchises in Pakistan. More than 70 Multinational Companies have already packed up their business from Pakistan. Now adding to the cost of doing business in Pakistan is the frequent wheel jam strikes.  [14]   5- Conclusion The first and the main conclusion is that there is positive association of depriving economic conditions with crimes in Pakistan. We conclude that bad economy is very important determinant of crimes in case of Pakistan. This robust analysis shows the very strong positive relation of urbanization with crimes in Pakistan. The other outcome is that in Pakistan inflation, unemployment and income inequality also the main determinants of crimes. Education also shows positive relation with crimes but this is not the right sign because we estimate model with urbanization, unemployment and with education then its sign become negative. It means that unemployment captures the sign of education so its right sign is negative. If there is more high education in Pakistan then this will reduce the crimes also. This study brings the important policy implications. In order to reduce the crime rate it is important that economic growth has to be favorable for poor class of the society. It should follow a path that directs resources to those sectors where majority of the poor exist like agriculture sector and the areas where they live (comparatively less developed areas).  [15]   The policy makers should make some planning to improve the economy and should provide more chance of employment and more capacity to absorb the rapid urbanization. After getting good education people dont have suitable job. Then those persons can adopt illegal ways to earn more money. But the special focus should be on infrastructure development because since 1964 urbanization increases. Second important implication is that government should create job opportunities in rural areas as well. This process will reduce the burden of unemployed persons in urban areas and finally reduce crimes. Moreover, the policy makers should try to keep inflation within acceptable limits so that the real income of consumers does not lose its purchasing power.

David’s Oath of the Horatii :: Art Analysis History

David’s Oath of the Horatii Painted in Rome in the style of Neo-Classicism, Jacques Louis David’s Oath of the Horatii is one of the better-known examples of art produced by this artist of eclectic styles. This painting was hailed as the manifesto of a new school based on the fervent study of the antique and a return to classical techniques in the late 18th century. In this painting, completed in 1785 as an oil on canvas, David (DA-VEED) successfully coalesces the nascent and confused ideology of the Neo-Classical movement in a dramatic portrayal of the Horatii brothers swearing their allegiance to the state as their father stands with swords held high for them to grasp. An analysis of the painting’s historical background, and an evaluation of the lines, colors, and subject matter, will illustrate why Oath of the Horatii represents the defining characteristics of the Neo-Classical period. David enrolled in the Acadà ©mie Royal in 1766, when he was eighteen. In 1769 he competed for the first time in the Prix de Rome, and lost. It was not until his fifth attempt in 1774 that he finally won with his Antiochus and Stratonice. The Academy maintained a branch in Rome and winners of the Prix were sent there on a fellowship to continue their studies. David returned to France in 1779 as a well-skilled—if not yet well-known—artist and was able to display some work in the Salon. Over the next five years he gained notice as a supreme draftsman in studio nudes and as a man able to project classicism similar to Poussin. His work also appealed to the didactic philosophers of the Age of Reason. (Harber, 2) In 1784 David received a commission from the Comte d’Angiviller (the head supervisor of all build and construction under the King of France, Louis XVI) for a painting based on a Corneillian subject. Corneille’s play, Horace, was being performed in Paris at this time. Oath of the Horatii was started in Paris, but David felt he needed to be immersed in the ambiance and culture of Rome to complete it. The painting created a sensation when first exhibited in Rome of 1885, and was seen as an allegorical cry for a Revolution in France. Indeed, it was only four more years until the French Revolution was underway. The painting is now kept in the Louvre, Paris.

Interview With Teacher Essay

I interviewed a teacher, Mr. Sameulson, from Stallings Island Middle School. He taught me a lot about his field through our interview in which we covered in the following: his background that prepared him to be the teacher he is today, how he educates students with disabilities, how common instructional accommodations help students, the goals that develop student academic independence and self-advocacy, the research-validated interventions Stallings Island Middle School offers, and how he feels about being adequately prepared for his teaching program. Running Head: INTERVIEW WITH A TEACHER, MR. SAMEULSON 3. I interviewed my mentor teacher Beau Samuelson, who is the resource room teacher for Math, Science, and Social Studies at Stallings Island Middle School. During my interview with Mr. Samuelson, I found out that he had a passion to educate children about sail boating that he wanted to educate other children with their academics. I learned a lot about Mr. Samuelson and his field through our interview in which we covered in the following: his background that prepared him to be the teacher he is today, how he educates students with disabilities, how common instructional accommodations help students, the goals that develop student academic  independence and self-advocacy, the research-validated interventions Stallings Island Middle School offers, and how he feels about being adequately prepared for his teaching program. Mr. Samuelson currently is 33 years old. He went to school for engineering but later realized that this career was not the life for him. He went to Augusta State University to get his Bachelor’s Degree in special education. On his degree he told me he got to pick certain disabilities to be qualified in. He said, â€Å"I picked inter-related. I do not work with severe special education kids but I am certified to. † Mr. Samuelson informed me he is also certified in mind- set-training, which is a nonviolent crisis intervention, to restrain children. He is allowed to work with children with Crisis Prevention Intervention (CPI). CPI is a safe environment for children with disruptive and bad behavior. He also works with children with severe Emotional Behavior Disorder (EBD). Children with EBD may cause harm to themselves and others. His aunt noticed that he enjoyed youth sailboat racing. He found out he wanted to work with children when he was a part of a sailboat racing company and he helped educate children about sailing. He had a passion for teaching kids. He said, â€Å"I love helping educate these kid. I am happy to help a child in a learning process with sailboats or academics. † His passion for racing sailboats helped him decide to go to school for special education. His aunt got him a paraprofessional job. This helped Running Head: INTERVIEW WITH A TEACHER, MR. SAMEULSON 4 him get hands-on experience with children with disabilities. He went to school for a total of nine years. He also has a teaching degree in Social Studies and Math. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"I am highly qualified for high school Math. I taught enough course work, so I got certified in it. † He has taught a total of 15 years: three-years at Westside High school, one-year at Murphy Middle School, six-years at Riverside Middle School, and five-years at Stallings Middle School. Educating students with disabilities is different from their typical peers, because they fall in the cracks. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"They usually are not on grade level so teachers have to have these kids on grade level by eight grades. † These kids typically fall in the gaps. These children need a lot of one-on-one time together. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"Intervention programs are appropriate here. † Also there are extra accommodations that help children in the special education program. There are many extra accommodations to help special education students. Mr. Samuelson teaches a class in the morning called Achievement Period Offered (AO). There are also Academic Electives (AE) during the middle of the day. In Academic Elective Mr. Samuelson told me that in the intervention programs that take place organized teaching occurs; teachers teach study skills, how to prepare for assessments, and give a copy of the notes with blanks. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"There is one-on-one time and tests read to students. † These accommodations help students so they do not fail the classes they are behind in. There is a plan of a range of goals to help develop student academic independence and self-advocacy. The school looks at every student three years process. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"Resource classrooms goal is to get these students into co-taught classes. † These students seemed too developed on their weaknesses. Mr. Samuelson, â€Å"It is a struggle to get kids over learned helplessness, because they will fight that they need help. † This academic independence will gradually reduce overtime. These students get time-in-half to take a test. Mr. Samuelson Running Head: INTERVIEW WITH A TEACHER, MR. SAMEULSON 5 said, â€Å"In reality these kids will not get a time in a half to do their work outside of school. † He feels like this is such a disadvantage with these children. Research has proven that children with disabilities struggle in many academic fields and need a different way to learn the material. There is reading and math research-validated interventions used with struggling students and with disabilities. The reading intervention helps students learn to read naturally. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"This is all done by research. † The program where students read naturally works on fluency, compression, and spelling. The Math intervention focuses on number world, transition mathematics, and elevation of mathematics. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"These are great intervention programs to help these struggling children with disabilities. † These programs and Mr. Samuelson have helped these students with disabilities accomplish through their struggles with set goals. Mr. Samuelson believes his educational background has prepared him adequately in his  teacher education program to adequately meet the demands of the classroom on a daily basis. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"Every county is different by helping teachers with their procedures to teaching. † It is important to know how to accommodate children with disabilities. He believes he is blessed working under a good principle, because his principle helps teachers that need it. The principle is not scared to ask teachers for advice, and he has a great bond with his teachers as well. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"He has resources from other teachers if he needs them and he has a good foundation. Augusta State University cannot prepare you for this in a four-year period to be an individual teacher. † He believes his paraprofessional job helped him with hands on learning with children with or without disabilities. Observing in the schools throughout college helped him become the teacher he is today. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"Augusta State taught me how to be flexible and roll with changes kind of teacher. † For instance, he has to be able to be a co-teacher Running Head: INTERVIEW WITH A TEACHER, MR. SAMEULSON 6 or teach a resource room as well as a full-time Math teacher for the semester. He informed me when a teacher signs a contract this is what it entitles a special education teacher, too. I have learned a lot about Mr. Samuelson’s life and how Stalling Island Middle school is a welcoming environment for children with or without disabilities. It has a lot of advantages for children with disabilities because it offers a lot of co-teaching, resource rooms, one-on-one time, and it has specific classrooms for students with severe disabilities. The curriculum for students with disabilities has to be flexible and meet the needs for children with disabilities and children without.

One Sample Hypothesis Testing

One Sample Hypothesis Testing The significance of earnings is a growing facade in today’s economy. Daily operation, individuals, and families alike rely heavily on each sale or paycheck to provide financial stability throughout. Depending on the nature of labor, wages are typically compensated in accords to one’s experience and education or specialization. Moreover, calculating the specified industry, occupation title, education, experience on-the-job, gender, race, age, and membership to a union will additionally influence wages.To help analyze operation pay scales and remain within budget a business should obtain data pertaining to current variations in wage. Today statistics allow a business or businesses to do so in a timely and proficient manner. The purpose of the succeeding report is to communicate a hypothesis statement regarding the wages of Hispanics and Caucasian workers. Team B would like to determine whether race has an influence on the wage of these specif ic workers. Team B will convey this data of wages in both a numerical and verbal manner.Moreover, it is to describe and perform the five-step hypothesis test on the wages and wage earner data set, including data tables and results of the computations of a z-test or t-test by way of graphical and tabular methods. Also the paper will depict the results of all testing and convey how the results given Team B’s hypothesis testing may be used to answer the research question. Hypotheses Learning Team B’s verbal hypothesis question asks â€Å"Does the mean salary of a Hispanic worker exceed thirty thousand dollars and that of the mean salary of a Caucasian worker? † The numerical question used for our hypothesis test is  µ > $30,000.Another numerical question is  µ1> µ2.  µ1 is defined as the sample mean of Hispanic workers salaries and  µ2 defined as the sample mean of Caucasian workers salaries. The Hispanic sample population is six workers from the â €Å"Wages and Wage Earners Data Set. † Learning Team B needs to consider whether or not the population is normal as the population size is less than 30. This also prohibits use of the Central Limit Theorem until the data set is proven normal. The wage of one worker being much higher than the others means our data will be skewed right and this data may not be a â€Å"good† sample.The existence of this outlier means our results will be skewed meaning we should find a better sample to base our results on. More importantly, the existence of an outlier reminds us that the mean is not always a good measure of the â€Å"typical† value of X. † (Doane & Seward, 2007). Five-step Hypothesis Test Team B would like to find if average Hispanic workers make more than $30,000 per year. The team’s null hypotheses or (HO) is that Hispanic pay is greater than or equal to $30,000. The team’s alternative hypothesis or (H1) is that Hispanic pay is less than $30,00 0.The significance level has been set at . 05 or 95%. The z score of . 05 is -1. 645. If the z-value is less than -1. 645 then the team can reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. If the z-value is greater than -1. 645 then the team fails to reject the null hypothesis, meaning Hispanic workers do, in fact, make more than $30,000 a year. Hypotheses: HO Hispanic pay ? 30,000 H1 Hispanic pay > 30,000 Data Set: (University of Phoenix, 2007) 83,601 29,736 15,234 24,509 33,461 13,481 Formula 1: Mean = (83,601+29,736+15,234+24,509+33,461+13,481)/6M = 33,337 Formula 2: Standard Deviation = SQRT(((X1-M)Squared+(X2-M)Squared†¦)/(N-1)) SD = SQRT(((83,601-33,337)Squared+(29,736-33,337)Squared†¦)/(6-1)) SD = SQRT(((50,24)Squared =(3,601)Squared+(18,094)Squared†¦)/(5) SD = 25,841. 97 Hispanic pay mean = 33,337 Hispanic pay Standard deviation = 25,842 Sample size = 6 Formula 3: Z-Test = (Mean-X)/(Standard Deviation/SQRT(N)) Z = (33,337 – 30,000)/( 25842/SQRT(6)) Z = 3,337/10,549. 94 Z = . 3163 As a result, we find that Z > -1. 645 Next team B wanted to see what the wage difference was between Caucasians and Hispanics.The team’s null hypothesis or (HO) is that white pay wages are ? Hispanic pay wages. The teams alternative hypothesis or (H1) is White pay wages are < Hispanic pay wages. White wages mean = 31,387. 39 Hispanic Wage mean = 33,337. 00 White wages STDEV = 16,810. 03 Hispanic wage STDEV = 25,843. 24 Finally the team wanted to see if age played a part in the difference in pay wages. Our null hypothesis or (HO) is that White age is = to Hispanic ages. The alternative or (H1) is that White age is ? to Hispanic ages. White Wage age mean = 39. 71429 Hispanic wage age mean = 35. 5 White wage age STDEV = 12. 3484 Hispanic wage age STDEV = 14. 25132 Test Results This test is significant because it shows that, based on the sample population; the average Hispanic worker makes more than $30,000 per year. This is be cause the team performed a one tailed Z-Test to determine with 95% confidence that Hispanic wages were greater than $30,000 per year.This is a one tailed test because the alternate hypothesis is only proven when the Z Value is less than the critical value of $30,000 in this case. With a Z Value of . 3163, we find that our Z-Test has yielded a result significantly higher than -1. 45, which proves H0, or that Hispanic pay is greater than $30,000 per year. The test also concluded that Hispanic workers make more than Caucasian workers on average. We also gathered data showing the average age of Caucasian workers is higher than that of Hispanic workers. In conclusion, this paper has discussed and researched the various influence of one’s race and wages. Our results provided immense data relating to our hypotheses and both verbal and numerical hypothesis were proven to conclude that Hispanic workers on average make more than $30,000 a year and also more than the average Caucasian w orker.By using a smaller sample Team B was able to distinguish any correlations between both races and determine a sound result. In today’s economy wages are a momentous factor and whether ones Hispanic or not wages have a sizeable impact on one’s life. We believe our research shows that Hispanic’s have an advantage in the workplace over Caucasian workers. References: Doane, D. P. & Seward, L. E. , (2007). Applied Statistics in Business and Economics. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.