Managing Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing Change - Essay Example es on timely delivery of the goods assigned to it, raised satisfaction of the clients and the process depends on the quickness of the staffs and machinery associated. Staffs of the company undertakes major roles in various segments entailing the roads , taxi truck, sea freight, air express, transit store, customs and air VIP. The restructuring mainly focuses on the organization of the staffs and realignment of the machineries applied in working of the Express-Link system. The design of the current and appropriate interventions aimed at moving the firm from the current state to the future prospected level thus by tackling its limitations and moving on forward. The action plan also addresses the essence of the internal politics, leadership in execution of the changes and culture in the organization by further elaborating on the account type, depth and range of the change entailed program. The action plan also considers the recommendations regarding how the prospected change should be i nstitutionalized by considering features of the firm. The clear and vivid development of the parts and portions of the action plan is aimed at presenting coherent, well supported and logically structured model. The output action plan is a contributed process with agents of change ready to work on the tasks that conform to the roles of the external change agents and inclination on evaluating the different approaches to the team members on every intervention, implementation and institutionalization stages (Jones, Jimmieson, & Griffiths, 2005). The Organizational Development interventions must be adopted by the Express-Link. The essence of the planned change interventions which extensively reveal a sets if structured activities that selected organizational units or even the target groups undertake task and even sequence of certain critical tasks with aimed goals having organizational improvement and other distinct individual tasks. The actual interventions are aimed at moving the

Healthy Grief Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthy Grief - Assignment Example In this article, we shall compare and contrast Kubler-Ross’s grief model to the Book of Job which will make us realize how Job is an example of healthy grieving and how the process of coping with grief has been same since centuries. In addition, we shall get to compare the process of coping with grief in two different religions – Christianity and Buddhism – which will teach us that gaining knowledge of a patient’s religious beliefs is relevant for health care provider so as to ensure good service and support to the dying patient and his family. Moreover, in the later paragraphs we shall discover the relationship and interaction between joy and the grief models which will make us realize the fact that joy and grief are not separate rather they are a part of each other. After doing the above researches, I have realized that by developing an understanding of the grieving and coping processes every health care provider can provide comfort and support to the gr ieving family in a better way and also come out of his/her personal grief very swiftly. Grief has been referred to as the comprehensive response to death and losses of all kinds, and includes emotional, psychological, social, as well as physical reactions. Numerous models and theories have been evolved by theorists that explain the process and stages involved in grief. In 1969, a psychiatrist Kubler- Ross had devised a grief model to provide a mean for understanding and coping with dying. The model has five stages: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance. According to Ross, these five stages are part of the framework that makes up our learning to live with the one we lost. Her theory on stages of grief established the ground for scholars and others who work with grieving people to examine and to work therapeutically with those who mourn. This theory is formed in a sequential and linear order where one stage swiftly moves into the next stage so that in a healthy grief a person should move from shock and denial to acceptance within a timeframe. However, she added that one may not necessarily go through all the stages or in the prescribed order. The model’s primary motive is to provide knowledge about a grief situation, thereby preparing us to cope with life and loss (Kubler-Ross & Kessler, n.d). Comparison of Kubler-Ross’s Grief model to the Book of Job In the Book of Job, the concise prologue starting the story and the concise epilogue finishing it narrates an extended series of dialogues and monologues describing the nature of and reason for suffering within the book. Most of the five stages of grief described by Kubler-Ross can be seen clearly inside this bible text. The Book of Job is the story of a faithful follower of God, Job who suffers innumerable losses one after the other. First, his wealth is looted by marauding bandits, which is followed by the tragic demise of all his children, all happening on the same day. Soon to add t o his woes, Job is badly affected with horrible boils all over his body (Book of Job 4:14-20). So much loss simultaneously would make survival difficult for any person. According to Dr. Kubler’s grief model, in the first stage, a person should be in shock and enter into some form of denial (Kubler-Ross & Kessler, n.d). However, Job in the biblical text is neither shocked nor does he enters into the denial stage which is in contrast to the grief model. After such losses, perhaps Job was in shock but he resolute by telling

Economic Factors Leading To Increased Crime Rate Economics Essay

Economic Factors Leading To Increased Crime Rate Economics Essay 1-Introduction Economic prosperity serves as a backbone for the overall progress of a nation. One thing is common in all developed nations- they are economically sound. When citizens of a country are freed from the worries of earning a livelihood to sustain their lives, they divert their attention to more useful things. They focus on education, improvise healthcare, develop technologies that make life easy and much more. Poor economic condition is the root cause of so many problems that exist in a society. The Beckers paper opened the door to a new field of empirical research whose main purpose was to verify and study the socioeconomic variables that affect crime. The economics of crime interacts with different and heterogeneous fields, i.e. (Sociology, Criminology, Psychology, Geography and Demography) and it is closely related to poverty, social exclusion, wage and income inequality, cultural and family background, level of education and other economic and socio-demographic factors that may affect an individuals propensity to commit crime such as age, gender and urbanization.  [1]   Crime is an activity which is against the law and the fact that the linkage between criminal activities and the socio-economic development of the society is undeniable. Crimes are associated with economic downturns and it is believed that crimes generally tend to rise during recessions and when economy is not performing well. As we know unemployment increases dramatically during bad economy which can lead to more cases of depression and increased number of crimes. The most obvious cases are drugs and alcohol. People suffering from depression often turn to drugs for refuge. Increase in drug taking leads to more drug related crimes. Drug dealing will become higher if demand is higher and when people do not have much to buy the drugs they will commit theft for money. It is also more likely that people will commit crimes, such as those involving violence, if they are intoxicated by drugs or alcohol. On the other side economic development are also dependent upon reduction in crimes. Keepi ng crime rates low now is the best guarantee that cities across the country will be able to exploit the inevitable economic recovery when it comes.  [2]   A recession leads to more debt. If people spiral into debt they are liable to become more desperate. This particularly increases crimes such as theft. People are more likely to steal so they can pay off their debts. They may also turn to other illegal ways to make money if they feel that there are no legitimate ways of earning. Violence is another area that can increase during a recession. People are more liable to get angry when times are tough, and therefore are more likely to turn violent. People may be angry with their employer who has made them redundant, or the government because they dont feel that they are being helped sufficiently, meaning they are generally more disgruntled with the world. People may also become more hostile towards each other. In particular those who are struggling may be angry towards those who are not. There has been a recent example of this in Ireland, where there were instances of violence towards some Romanian immigrants. The reason for this was attributed to some being angry that the immigrants had taken their jobs, although they were jobs local people hadnt applied for at the time of the vacancies.Family break ups are sometimes more likely to occur during a recession. Debt can cause stress within the family and lead to marriages breaking up. The breakup of parents can have an effect on children. They also show these children are 70% more likely to finish school without any qualifications. This is significant as a high percentage of crime is shown to be committed by those with a poor education.  [3]   There has not been undertaken a systematic comprehensive study for Pakistan on the above mentioned issue. Several explanations have been provided on crime in the literature but none of these provide a sound analysis of linkage between urbanization and crime. Therefore, there is dire need to fill this gap in the literature by conducting an empirical investigation on the relationship between crime and urbanization. This provides the motivation for the underlying study. More specifically, the objective of this study is to find the relationship between crimes and urbanization and some other macroeconomic factors such as unemployment, and inflation. The question is what will be the impact on crimes when large numbers of people settle down in a single city? Using time series data for Pakistan the study covers the period of 2007-2011. The results indicate that there is a positive association between urbanization and crime in Pakistan. Moreover, unemployment, inflation, and income inequality are also important determinants of crimes. Education, on the other hand, is found to have a negative effect on criminal activities. Rest of the study proceeds as follows; Section II briefly reviews the related literature on crimes and their determinants. Section III discusses the theoretical model and the econometric methodology used in the study. Detail of variables, results and interpretations are presented in Section IV. Section V concludes the study. 3-Economy of Pakistan. Economic prosperity serves as a backbone for the overall progress of a nation. One thing is common in all developed nations- they are economically sound. When citizens of a country are freed from the worries of earning a livelihood to sustain their lives, they divert their attention to more useful things. They focus on education, improvise healthcare, develop technologies that make life easy and much more. Poor economic condition is the root cause of so many problems that exist in a society. 3.1- GDP Growth. In the context of Pakistan, owing to the fact that it is a developing nation, there is no wonder that it is surrounding with a number of social and economical problems. The real issue is not the presence of these problems in society because, as stated earlier, there is no concept of an ideal society in the world. Every country in the world has its own set of socio-economic problems. The main issue is the extent and intensity of the socio-economic problems of Pakistan which have soared to alarming levels. Today, Pakistans economy remains somewhat backwards. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Pakistan expanded 2.39 percent in the second quarter of 2011 over the previous quarter.  [4]   3.2 Inflation The inflation rate in Pakistan was last reported at 10.2 percent in November of 2011. From 2003 until 2010, the average inflation rate in Pakistan was 10.15 percent reaching an historical high of 25.33  [5]  percent in August of 2008 and a record low of 1.41 percent in July of 2003. Inflation rate refers to a general rise in prices measured against a standard level of purchasing power. The most well known measures of Inflation are the CPI which measures consumer prices, and the GDP deflator, which measures inflation in the whole of the domestic economy. 4 Crimes in Pakistan Crime Statistics of Pakistan shows that there is a rapid increase in the number of crime reported over time like other countries of the world. It may be because of high unemployment, rising poverty, increasing inflation and urbanization.  [6]  .Despite the efforts and measures taken by the government and tall claims of law enforcement agencies for busting gangs, the crime rate in the country is increasing day by day and the crime rate is said to be touching 20.1 percent during the last one year in all over the country. the graph of vehicle theft and snatching, mobile phones snatching , fatal incidents and general crimes is on rise while police and other law enforcers are raising pleasant slogans and making non-stop claims for busting criminal gangs and rounding up individuals indulging in vehicle snatching and other crimes. If crime was a rational response to income inequality, the thinking went; government can best fight it through social services and wealth redistribution, not through arrests and incarceration.  [7]   According to data collected by online from National Police Bureau (NPB) shows that there are 59189 proclaimed offenders involved in major crimes while police has succeeded to arrest 70948 POs during year 2008 but still 59000 are operating. Amazingly, the numbers also increased from 58615 in 2008 to 59189 in 2009. According to the data, Punjab is still on top position with record number of 25991 proclaimed offenses while Sind is on second with 18373 offenders, NWFP 9514, Baluchistan 2659, Federal Capital 1777, Northern areas 446 and AJK have 429 proclaimed offenders.  [8]   4.1. Economic Factors leading to increased crime rate in Pakistan. 4.11 Poverty Lack of basic necessities is called Poverty. The people all over the world are facing serious problems of poverty. The results show that poverty also causes crime. The poor have limited income and resources to satisfy their desires and wants. In Pakistan the poverty statistics show dismal picture besides increasing income inequality. The low income means low saving potential which results in low standard of living. The low income in relation to increase prices (inflation) has crime instigating effect by reducing individuals moral threshold. Therefore, it can be concluded that people in poverty are induced to commit crime. The results of Granger causality through Toda-Yamamoto procedure affirm that poverty causes crime.  [9]   A great percentage of people in world are below the average line of poverty and such condition leads to begin cultural crime such as Suicide, Murder ETC. Almost 70% population of Pakistan live in villages. Most of them dont have access to sufficient basic needs of life. They are struggling for bread and butter. A large chunk of population lives below poverty line. They live in miserable conditions. Lack of proper food, clothing and shelter, poor sanitation, unsafe and sometimes dirty drinking water are just some of their many problems. Poverty itself gives rise to various other social problems. It deprives children of poor people to access education and healthcare. We read crime stories in newspapers that are characterized by lower orders of society who adopt illegal channels to get the financial prosperity which they cannot achieve otherwise. 4.12 Illiteracy. The illiteracy rate all over the world is increasing and the prime reason beside it is the high cost of education and lack of institutions and access. People due to lack of resources are unable to educate their childrens and so chain is developed with ever increasing illiteracy.In Pakistan Illiteracy is yet another problem. The literacy rate lingers on 56%. Over the decades, despite decreasing, illiteracy rate in Pakistan has shown an upward trend. Not only that but enrollment ratio of students at primary level has shown a decreasing trend. The facts that 50 percent of children do not complete their primary education testify this fact. Despite spending millions on it, government has failed to achieve literacy rates comparable to other countries in South Asia. 4.13- Corruption Corruption is the prime reason behind the economical unstableness. Corruption has spread into the world and has ruined the economy. Just as a weed spread in the field and affect the yield of the crop. Corruption is the mother of other problem such as unemployment which will be discussed later. According to latest report of Transparency International, Pakistans Corruption Perceptions Index declined to 2.3 in 2010 against 2.4 in 2009, and out of 178 countries, its ranking as most corrupt country jumped from 42 in 2009 to 34 in 2010.  [10]  Ã‚   Corruption in government departments is so much deep-rooted that a common concept prevails that the system doesnt let honest people to work peacefully. There is a lack of responsibility due to which wealthy people and those in power are sure that they cant be held responsible for their deeds. So they keep on looting the national treasures and find ways to legalize their black-money. Many corrupt people dont even bother to do that. 4.14- Unemployment Unemployment is a major social problem caused by poor economical system. Whole world is facing serious problems of unemployment and the reason behind it is the unstable economy. Lack of funds followed by unorganized system and lack of new projects are causing unemployment worldwide. Therefore the serving of deserving people is not used, causing loss to both country and the person. The results of the data analysis reveal that unemployment in Pakistan Granger causes crime. The reason is that unemployment rate in a country is a complementary indicator of income opportunities in the legal labour market. Therefore, when, unemployment rate increases the opportunities for earning income decreases which instigate the individuals to commit crime. The costs of committing crime go down for unemployed workers. The results of causality support this proposition that unemployment causes crime.  [11]   In Pakistan major portion of population consists of youth and a large number of young people who have the ability and are willing to work are unemployed. Currently rate of unemployment as per official resources is 7.4% but according to some private estimates the rate of unemployment is 12%.  [12]  There are many reasons of unemployment like influx of machinery that has replaced manpower, lack of new industries and defective education system. But the impacts of unemployment are more serious and dangerous. People who dont find work here migrate to other countries with better prospects. Also, people tired of making both ends meet due to unemployment indulge in evil activities and ratio of crimes increase. 4.15- Health Problem Health is another social problem caused by poor economical conditions. The cost of living is ever increasing and shortage of funds is a usual problem worldwide. There are less hospitals and medical centers and if there are any, the people are unable to afford their and their children health expenses so the health problems grow unchecked. 4.16- War on Terrorism War against terrorism is another very important reason behind the economical problem. War benefits none, someone is hurt badly and someone is destroyed completely. War is affecting the worlds economy and is causing problems like shortage of fuel, lack of funds, increase in health problem etc. When we talk about Pakistan, Due to war on terror, local people of war-ridden areas are migrating to other areas of Pakistan. Country has seen the largest migration since independence in 1947. These people have left their homes, businesses, possessions and property back home. This large influx of people and their rehabilitation is an economic burden for Pakistan. Unemployment is already common and now the question of providing employment to these migrants has also become a serious concern. This portion of population is contributing nothing worthwhile to the national income yet they have to be benefited from it. This unproductive lot of people is a growing economic problem of Pakistan. 4.17 Lack of tourism Lack of tourism is also a cause of the declining in economy. Northern areas of Pakistan have been a place of great tourist attraction. The beautiful hills, the lush green valleys, shimmering lakes and flowing waterfalls brought many a tourist from all over the world to Pakistan. This contributed to foreign exchange. Tourism Industry was one of the booming industries of Pakistan. Besides attracting foreign exchange, it also provided employment to local people. Also, tourist industry was a source of friendly relations with other countries. If the tourists are to come here in large numbers next year and feel comfortable, then streets should be cleared of the crimes now called street crimes. It is one thing to snatch mobile phones by the dozen everyday and quite another to relieve women of their jewelry. And there are bank robberies and snatching of money as the customers come out with that from banks. What is worse is resistance to such crimes which is fatal in too many cases.  [13]   Nevertheless, war on terrorism has served as a serious blow to the tourism industry of Pakistan. Local as well as foreign media has projected Pakistan as a dangerous and unsafe country. Its poor law and order situation has alarmed the tourist and thus Northern areas no more receive many tourists. 4.18 Loss in Business The poor economical system affects the business very badly. People all over the world are facing serious losses in business. In Pakistan sugar, cement and shoe industry is on its downfall while textile industry is breathing its last. Foreign investors are not ready to setup their businesses in Pakistan. They have their own set of problems which include painful and lengthy procedure of getting licenses and work permits in Pakistan, power crises, terrorism and declining exports. Multinational Companies are unwilling to open their offices and franchises in Pakistan. More than 70 Multinational Companies have already packed up their business from Pakistan. Now adding to the cost of doing business in Pakistan is the frequent wheel jam strikes.  [14]   5- Conclusion The first and the main conclusion is that there is positive association of depriving economic conditions with crimes in Pakistan. We conclude that bad economy is very important determinant of crimes in case of Pakistan. This robust analysis shows the very strong positive relation of urbanization with crimes in Pakistan. The other outcome is that in Pakistan inflation, unemployment and income inequality also the main determinants of crimes. Education also shows positive relation with crimes but this is not the right sign because we estimate model with urbanization, unemployment and with education then its sign become negative. It means that unemployment captures the sign of education so its right sign is negative. If there is more high education in Pakistan then this will reduce the crimes also. This study brings the important policy implications. In order to reduce the crime rate it is important that economic growth has to be favorable for poor class of the society. It should follow a path that directs resources to those sectors where majority of the poor exist like agriculture sector and the areas where they live (comparatively less developed areas).  [15]   The policy makers should make some planning to improve the economy and should provide more chance of employment and more capacity to absorb the rapid urbanization. After getting good education people dont have suitable job. Then those persons can adopt illegal ways to earn more money. But the special focus should be on infrastructure development because since 1964 urbanization increases. Second important implication is that government should create job opportunities in rural areas as well. This process will reduce the burden of unemployed persons in urban areas and finally reduce crimes. Moreover, the policy makers should try to keep inflation within acceptable limits so that the real income of consumers does not lose its purchasing power.

David’s Oath of the Horatii :: Art Analysis History

David’s Oath of the Horatii Painted in Rome in the style of Neo-Classicism, Jacques Louis David’s Oath of the Horatii is one of the better-known examples of art produced by this artist of eclectic styles. This painting was hailed as the manifesto of a new school based on the fervent study of the antique and a return to classical techniques in the late 18th century. In this painting, completed in 1785 as an oil on canvas, David (DA-VEED) successfully coalesces the nascent and confused ideology of the Neo-Classical movement in a dramatic portrayal of the Horatii brothers swearing their allegiance to the state as their father stands with swords held high for them to grasp. An analysis of the painting’s historical background, and an evaluation of the lines, colors, and subject matter, will illustrate why Oath of the Horatii represents the defining characteristics of the Neo-Classical period. David enrolled in the Acadà ©mie Royal in 1766, when he was eighteen. In 1769 he competed for the first time in the Prix de Rome, and lost. It was not until his fifth attempt in 1774 that he finally won with his Antiochus and Stratonice. The Academy maintained a branch in Rome and winners of the Prix were sent there on a fellowship to continue their studies. David returned to France in 1779 as a well-skilled—if not yet well-known—artist and was able to display some work in the Salon. Over the next five years he gained notice as a supreme draftsman in studio nudes and as a man able to project classicism similar to Poussin. His work also appealed to the didactic philosophers of the Age of Reason. (Harber, 2) In 1784 David received a commission from the Comte d’Angiviller (the head supervisor of all build and construction under the King of France, Louis XVI) for a painting based on a Corneillian subject. Corneille’s play, Horace, was being performed in Paris at this time. Oath of the Horatii was started in Paris, but David felt he needed to be immersed in the ambiance and culture of Rome to complete it. The painting created a sensation when first exhibited in Rome of 1885, and was seen as an allegorical cry for a Revolution in France. Indeed, it was only four more years until the French Revolution was underway. The painting is now kept in the Louvre, Paris.

Interview With Teacher Essay

I interviewed a teacher, Mr. Sameulson, from Stallings Island Middle School. He taught me a lot about his field through our interview in which we covered in the following: his background that prepared him to be the teacher he is today, how he educates students with disabilities, how common instructional accommodations help students, the goals that develop student academic independence and self-advocacy, the research-validated interventions Stallings Island Middle School offers, and how he feels about being adequately prepared for his teaching program. Running Head: INTERVIEW WITH A TEACHER, MR. SAMEULSON 3. I interviewed my mentor teacher Beau Samuelson, who is the resource room teacher for Math, Science, and Social Studies at Stallings Island Middle School. During my interview with Mr. Samuelson, I found out that he had a passion to educate children about sail boating that he wanted to educate other children with their academics. I learned a lot about Mr. Samuelson and his field through our interview in which we covered in the following: his background that prepared him to be the teacher he is today, how he educates students with disabilities, how common instructional accommodations help students, the goals that develop student academic  independence and self-advocacy, the research-validated interventions Stallings Island Middle School offers, and how he feels about being adequately prepared for his teaching program. Mr. Samuelson currently is 33 years old. He went to school for engineering but later realized that this career was not the life for him. He went to Augusta State University to get his Bachelor’s Degree in special education. On his degree he told me he got to pick certain disabilities to be qualified in. He said, â€Å"I picked inter-related. I do not work with severe special education kids but I am certified to. † Mr. Samuelson informed me he is also certified in mind- set-training, which is a nonviolent crisis intervention, to restrain children. He is allowed to work with children with Crisis Prevention Intervention (CPI). CPI is a safe environment for children with disruptive and bad behavior. He also works with children with severe Emotional Behavior Disorder (EBD). Children with EBD may cause harm to themselves and others. His aunt noticed that he enjoyed youth sailboat racing. He found out he wanted to work with children when he was a part of a sailboat racing company and he helped educate children about sailing. He had a passion for teaching kids. He said, â€Å"I love helping educate these kid. I am happy to help a child in a learning process with sailboats or academics. † His passion for racing sailboats helped him decide to go to school for special education. His aunt got him a paraprofessional job. This helped Running Head: INTERVIEW WITH A TEACHER, MR. SAMEULSON 4 him get hands-on experience with children with disabilities. He went to school for a total of nine years. He also has a teaching degree in Social Studies and Math. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"I am highly qualified for high school Math. I taught enough course work, so I got certified in it. † He has taught a total of 15 years: three-years at Westside High school, one-year at Murphy Middle School, six-years at Riverside Middle School, and five-years at Stallings Middle School. Educating students with disabilities is different from their typical peers, because they fall in the cracks. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"They usually are not on grade level so teachers have to have these kids on grade level by eight grades. † These kids typically fall in the gaps. These children need a lot of one-on-one time together. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"Intervention programs are appropriate here. † Also there are extra accommodations that help children in the special education program. There are many extra accommodations to help special education students. Mr. Samuelson teaches a class in the morning called Achievement Period Offered (AO). There are also Academic Electives (AE) during the middle of the day. In Academic Elective Mr. Samuelson told me that in the intervention programs that take place organized teaching occurs; teachers teach study skills, how to prepare for assessments, and give a copy of the notes with blanks. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"There is one-on-one time and tests read to students. † These accommodations help students so they do not fail the classes they are behind in. There is a plan of a range of goals to help develop student academic independence and self-advocacy. The school looks at every student three years process. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"Resource classrooms goal is to get these students into co-taught classes. † These students seemed too developed on their weaknesses. Mr. Samuelson, â€Å"It is a struggle to get kids over learned helplessness, because they will fight that they need help. † This academic independence will gradually reduce overtime. These students get time-in-half to take a test. Mr. Samuelson Running Head: INTERVIEW WITH A TEACHER, MR. SAMEULSON 5 said, â€Å"In reality these kids will not get a time in a half to do their work outside of school. † He feels like this is such a disadvantage with these children. Research has proven that children with disabilities struggle in many academic fields and need a different way to learn the material. There is reading and math research-validated interventions used with struggling students and with disabilities. The reading intervention helps students learn to read naturally. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"This is all done by research. † The program where students read naturally works on fluency, compression, and spelling. The Math intervention focuses on number world, transition mathematics, and elevation of mathematics. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"These are great intervention programs to help these struggling children with disabilities. † These programs and Mr. Samuelson have helped these students with disabilities accomplish through their struggles with set goals. Mr. Samuelson believes his educational background has prepared him adequately in his  teacher education program to adequately meet the demands of the classroom on a daily basis. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"Every county is different by helping teachers with their procedures to teaching. † It is important to know how to accommodate children with disabilities. He believes he is blessed working under a good principle, because his principle helps teachers that need it. The principle is not scared to ask teachers for advice, and he has a great bond with his teachers as well. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"He has resources from other teachers if he needs them and he has a good foundation. Augusta State University cannot prepare you for this in a four-year period to be an individual teacher. † He believes his paraprofessional job helped him with hands on learning with children with or without disabilities. Observing in the schools throughout college helped him become the teacher he is today. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"Augusta State taught me how to be flexible and roll with changes kind of teacher. † For instance, he has to be able to be a co-teacher Running Head: INTERVIEW WITH A TEACHER, MR. SAMEULSON 6 or teach a resource room as well as a full-time Math teacher for the semester. He informed me when a teacher signs a contract this is what it entitles a special education teacher, too. I have learned a lot about Mr. Samuelson’s life and how Stalling Island Middle school is a welcoming environment for children with or without disabilities. It has a lot of advantages for children with disabilities because it offers a lot of co-teaching, resource rooms, one-on-one time, and it has specific classrooms for students with severe disabilities. The curriculum for students with disabilities has to be flexible and meet the needs for children with disabilities and children without.

One Sample Hypothesis Testing

One Sample Hypothesis Testing The significance of earnings is a growing facade in today’s economy. Daily operation, individuals, and families alike rely heavily on each sale or paycheck to provide financial stability throughout. Depending on the nature of labor, wages are typically compensated in accords to one’s experience and education or specialization. Moreover, calculating the specified industry, occupation title, education, experience on-the-job, gender, race, age, and membership to a union will additionally influence wages.To help analyze operation pay scales and remain within budget a business should obtain data pertaining to current variations in wage. Today statistics allow a business or businesses to do so in a timely and proficient manner. The purpose of the succeeding report is to communicate a hypothesis statement regarding the wages of Hispanics and Caucasian workers. Team B would like to determine whether race has an influence on the wage of these specif ic workers. Team B will convey this data of wages in both a numerical and verbal manner.Moreover, it is to describe and perform the five-step hypothesis test on the wages and wage earner data set, including data tables and results of the computations of a z-test or t-test by way of graphical and tabular methods. Also the paper will depict the results of all testing and convey how the results given Team B’s hypothesis testing may be used to answer the research question. Hypotheses Learning Team B’s verbal hypothesis question asks â€Å"Does the mean salary of a Hispanic worker exceed thirty thousand dollars and that of the mean salary of a Caucasian worker? † The numerical question used for our hypothesis test is  µ > $30,000.Another numerical question is  µ1> µ2.  µ1 is defined as the sample mean of Hispanic workers salaries and  µ2 defined as the sample mean of Caucasian workers salaries. The Hispanic sample population is six workers from the â €Å"Wages and Wage Earners Data Set. † Learning Team B needs to consider whether or not the population is normal as the population size is less than 30. This also prohibits use of the Central Limit Theorem until the data set is proven normal. The wage of one worker being much higher than the others means our data will be skewed right and this data may not be a â€Å"good† sample.The existence of this outlier means our results will be skewed meaning we should find a better sample to base our results on. More importantly, the existence of an outlier reminds us that the mean is not always a good measure of the â€Å"typical† value of X. † (Doane & Seward, 2007). Five-step Hypothesis Test Team B would like to find if average Hispanic workers make more than $30,000 per year. The team’s null hypotheses or (HO) is that Hispanic pay is greater than or equal to $30,000. The team’s alternative hypothesis or (H1) is that Hispanic pay is less than $30,00 0.The significance level has been set at . 05 or 95%. The z score of . 05 is -1. 645. If the z-value is less than -1. 645 then the team can reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. If the z-value is greater than -1. 645 then the team fails to reject the null hypothesis, meaning Hispanic workers do, in fact, make more than $30,000 a year. Hypotheses: HO Hispanic pay ? 30,000 H1 Hispanic pay > 30,000 Data Set: (University of Phoenix, 2007) 83,601 29,736 15,234 24,509 33,461 13,481 Formula 1: Mean = (83,601+29,736+15,234+24,509+33,461+13,481)/6M = 33,337 Formula 2: Standard Deviation = SQRT(((X1-M)Squared+(X2-M)Squared†¦)/(N-1)) SD = SQRT(((83,601-33,337)Squared+(29,736-33,337)Squared†¦)/(6-1)) SD = SQRT(((50,24)Squared =(3,601)Squared+(18,094)Squared†¦)/(5) SD = 25,841. 97 Hispanic pay mean = 33,337 Hispanic pay Standard deviation = 25,842 Sample size = 6 Formula 3: Z-Test = (Mean-X)/(Standard Deviation/SQRT(N)) Z = (33,337 – 30,000)/( 25842/SQRT(6)) Z = 3,337/10,549. 94 Z = . 3163 As a result, we find that Z > -1. 645 Next team B wanted to see what the wage difference was between Caucasians and Hispanics.The team’s null hypothesis or (HO) is that white pay wages are ? Hispanic pay wages. The teams alternative hypothesis or (H1) is White pay wages are < Hispanic pay wages. White wages mean = 31,387. 39 Hispanic Wage mean = 33,337. 00 White wages STDEV = 16,810. 03 Hispanic wage STDEV = 25,843. 24 Finally the team wanted to see if age played a part in the difference in pay wages. Our null hypothesis or (HO) is that White age is = to Hispanic ages. The alternative or (H1) is that White age is ? to Hispanic ages. White Wage age mean = 39. 71429 Hispanic wage age mean = 35. 5 White wage age STDEV = 12. 3484 Hispanic wage age STDEV = 14. 25132 Test Results This test is significant because it shows that, based on the sample population; the average Hispanic worker makes more than $30,000 per year. This is be cause the team performed a one tailed Z-Test to determine with 95% confidence that Hispanic wages were greater than $30,000 per year.This is a one tailed test because the alternate hypothesis is only proven when the Z Value is less than the critical value of $30,000 in this case. With a Z Value of . 3163, we find that our Z-Test has yielded a result significantly higher than -1. 45, which proves H0, or that Hispanic pay is greater than $30,000 per year. The test also concluded that Hispanic workers make more than Caucasian workers on average. We also gathered data showing the average age of Caucasian workers is higher than that of Hispanic workers. In conclusion, this paper has discussed and researched the various influence of one’s race and wages. Our results provided immense data relating to our hypotheses and both verbal and numerical hypothesis were proven to conclude that Hispanic workers on average make more than $30,000 a year and also more than the average Caucasian w orker.By using a smaller sample Team B was able to distinguish any correlations between both races and determine a sound result. In today’s economy wages are a momentous factor and whether ones Hispanic or not wages have a sizeable impact on one’s life. We believe our research shows that Hispanic’s have an advantage in the workplace over Caucasian workers. References: Doane, D. P. & Seward, L. E. , (2007). Applied Statistics in Business and Economics. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.